【摘要】 大多数提高地震资料分辨率的反褶积方法都基于传统静态褶积模型,这与非均匀介质中的地震子波实际传播规律不符。因此,在动态褶积模型基础上,结合地震波在地层中的吸收衰减特性,提出一种基于时频域的动态反褶积方法。该方法将广义S变换良好的多分辨特性引入到地震资料动态反褶积处理中,首先将非平稳地震记录的广义S变换近似表示为静态震源子波的傅里叶变换、复数值时频衰减函数与反射系数广义S变换的乘积,再采用多项式拟合的方法对非平稳地震记录时频谱进行平滑处理,从而可估算动态传播子波和地层反射系数。本文方法不需要直接求取Q值,能够适用于变Q值情况。理论模型和三维实际资料处理结果表明,该方法不仅能改善地震资料的分辨率,还能有效补偿深部地层吸收所引起的能量衰减。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most methods for improving the resolution of seismic data are usually based on the traditional static convolution model,which are inconsistent with the actual propagation law of seismic wavelet in inhomogeneous media. Therefore,based on the dynamic convolution model,this paper combines attenuation and absorption characteristics of seismic wave,and proposes a dynamic deconvolution method based on time-frequency domain. This method introduces the good multi-resolution characteristic of GST(generalized S transform)into the processing procedure of dynamic deconvolution for seismic data. Firstly,GST of non-stationary seismic records can be approximately presented as the product of Fourier transform of static source wavelet,time-frequency attenuation function and GST of the reflection coefficient. And then we use polynomial fitting to smooth the time-frequency spectral of non-stationary seismic records,thus dynamic propagation wavelet and the reflection coefficient of formation can be estimated. The method of this paper does not need calculate the value of Q directly,and it is applicable in the situation that the value of Q is changed. The processed results for both theoretical model and real 3D seismic data validate that this method not only can improve the resolution of the seismic data,but also can compensate efficiently the energy attenuation caused by deep formation absorption.更多还原