【摘要】 高原鼠兔作为青藏高原的优势鼠种,是栖息在高寒草甸的关键物种之一,其种群数量变化对高寒草甸生态系统影响深远.然而,目前对高原鼠兔种群数量的模拟研究相对较少,且多是基于经验关系的短期预测研究.根据现有文献数据获取高原鼠兔与鹰类的生活史特征,构建基于过程的高原鼠兔与鹰类耦合的高原鼠兔种群数量预测模型,并对其中的参数进行了敏感性研究.预测结果表明在无外界干扰条件下高原鼠兔种群数量处于53只/公顷到278只/公顷之间,属于较高水平;在药物灭鼠80%的情况下,高原鼠兔4年便可以恢复至原本数量的70%,在6年后繁殖至峰值,仅药物灭鼠作用有限;药物灭鼠后设置招鹰架效果不佳,原因在于高原鼠兔繁殖数量大幅超过被捕食数量,天敌捕食没有起到抑制效果.本研究为进一步开发高寒草地-鼠兔-鹰相互作用生态系统模式打下了坚实基础.更多还原

【Abstract】 As the dominant rodent species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the plateau pika is one of the key species inhabiting the alpine meadow, and its population changes have far-reaching impact on the alpine meadow ecosystem. However, there are relatively few simulation studies on the population size of plateau pika at present, and most of them are short-term predictive studies based on empirical relationships. Based on the existing literature data, the life history characteristics of plateau pika and hawk were obtained. A process-based population prediction model of plateau pika coupled with hawk was constructed, and the sensitivity of the parameters was studied. The predicted results showed that the population of plateau pika was in the range of 53/ha to 278/ha without external disturbance, which belonged to a high level; under the condition of 80% drug rodenticide, plateau pika could recover to 70% of its original population in four years, and to its peak in six years, and the effect of drug rodenticide was limited; the hawk rack setting after drug rodenticide was not effective, because the plateau pika breeded significantly more than the prey; the predator prey did not play a suppression effect. This study laid a solid foundation for the further development of alpine grassland-pika-hawk interaction ecosystem model.更多还原