【摘要】 地震诱发山洪是危害极大的地震次生灾害之一.国内外大量的野外现场调查与研究表明,地震滑坡堵江形成堰塞湖在山区河流广泛发育.滑坡堵江堰塞湖存在坝体的渗透变形、稳定性、不均匀沉降和砂土液化等工程地质问题的同时,还存在水力学与河床演变的科学技术问题.本文从地震诱发山洪形成机理初步分析出发,对堰塞湖诱发山洪评估指标进行初步探索.包括堰塞湖排险泄洪明渠粗化保护层形成过程及"拟混凝土"形成条件研究;堰塞湖排险泄洪明渠粗化保护层破坏条件;堰塞湖排险泄洪明渠动态平衡水力几何形态;堰塞湖排险泄洪明渠从下游出口开始的溯源冲刷过程及动态平衡纵横剖面.建议进一步的研究目标是:制订确保堰塞湖安全平稳泄洪排险的指标体系;确定堰塞湖排险泄洪明渠粗化保护层形成与破坏条件的定量化方法;确定堰塞湖下游人员安全避险撤离的时机与优化方案;因势利导,对堰塞湖进行分类重建,为制订《地震地质灾害堰塞湖排险技术规范》提供成套技术的科学支撑.更多还原

【Abstract】 Flash flood induced by earthquakes is one of the most serious secondary disasters of earthquakes,which involve science and technology areas in geology,hydraulics and fluvial processes. Studies on mechanism and assessment factors for flash flood induced by earthquakes are conducted in several problems in this paper,including: emerging conditions and processes of armoring layer of risk-excluding channels with uniform gravel and pebble bed for damming lakes,the critical condition of the armoring layer’s breakage,hydraulic geometry of the flood sluice channel during dynamic equilibrium,retrogressive scouring processes,longitudinal and cross-section shapes of flood sluice channels. Finally,system of assessment factors for flash floods induced by damming lakes are suggested preliminary.更多还原