【摘要】 【目的】研究添加一种自制的腐熟菌剂,对牛粪、羊粪、鸡粪三种粪肥发酵腐熟后菌群结构和数量及其肥效的影响。【方法】采用高通量测序技术及RT-PCR技术,对三种腐熟后的粪肥细菌菌群结构和丰度进行分析;采用国标化学法分析有机肥主要理化指标;采用番茄育苗试验评价苗期肥效。【结果】在牛、羊、鸡粪中添加菌剂处理的样本中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)均有较高水平的聚类,菌群丰富度低且优势菌群种类单一,其中,在牛粪样品NA中乳酸菌属(Lactobacillu)OTUs占样品总OTUs的44%;育苗后穴盘样品优势菌群丰富度明显增加,其中丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundmonas)、变形杆菌(Dyadobacter)、鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas)和假单胞菌(Pseudpmonas)均表现较高的丰度,而未加菌剂处理的腐熟样品和穴盘样品N5和N5P菌群变化不明显。甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)和类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)在腐熟粪肥样本NA和JA中均有较高的拷贝数。添加菌剂处理粪肥能明显促进肥料酸化,使其pH在4.78～5.90,有机质含量提升到56%以上,全氮大于5%;番茄育苗试验中,牛粪NA、羊粪YA和鸡粪JA处理平均株高分别比对照组增高了47.16%、46.28%和47.65%。【结论】该腐熟菌剂能有效增加粪肥中功能菌群数量、优化优势菌群结构、并促进肥料酸化、显著提高肥料有机质和全氮含量,腐熟后的粪肥对番茄苗期生长肥效显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 To research the effect of self-developed decomposing bacteria agent on the bacterial community and manurial efficiency in manure.【Method】High-flux sequencing and RT-PCR were used to investigate the microflora in three kinds of manure. The main physicochemical indexes of manure were analyzed by international standard chemical method, and tomatoes seedling raising test was used to evaluate the fertilizer efficiency.【Result】Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominate at the end of fermentation in three kinds of manure. There were low diversity and few dominant communities of bacteria. The OTUs of Lactobacillu had 44% proportion of total OTUs. The bacterial diversity was abundant in sample undergoing tomatoes seedling raising including Comamonas, Brevundmonas, Dyadobacter, Sphingomonas and Pseudpmonas, but there was no obvious change in untreated sample N5 and N5 P. The results of RT-PCR showed that Bacillus methylotrophicus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides had large quantities in NA and JA. The manure could be obviously acidized and keep its pH Value between 4.78-5.90. The organic content increased to more than 56% and total nitrogen content was more than 5%. Through tomato seedling raising test average heights of tomato plants were 47.16%, 46.28% and 47.65%, respectively higher than those of the control group.【Conclusion】The decomposing bacteria agent can increase dominant microbiota in manure and accelerate the acidification of fertilizer dramatically. The fertilizer has a positive function on the growth of tomato plants in the seedling stage.更多还原