【摘要】 【目的】研究新疆春油菜区,施用油菜专用长效配方肥对其产量、肥料利用效率的影响,筛选出最佳施肥量。【方法】以不施肥、习惯用肥为对照处理,以专用长效配方肥不同NPK比例为试验处理,在成熟期对地上部生物产量、各部位养分积累量、产量进行测定,计算分析表征肥料利用效率。【结果】随着油菜专用肥使用量的增加,成熟期有效株数、每株荚角数、每荚粒数、籽粒产量、肥料增产率均呈现先增加,后降低的趋势,处理5增产率最大（55. 64%）,其次是处理2（51. 79%）,处理5的籽粒产量、茎秆产量最高,分别为3 799. 92、7 579. 95kg/hm²;不同处理地上部养分投入产出差异显著,处理3、4、5 N产出量均大于投入量;表征肥料利用效率计算分析发现处理3肥料中N的养分利率最高（89. 8%）,处理5肥料中P₂O₅的养分利率最高（46. 9%）;肥料表观利用率最高的是处理3 （86. 84%）,其次是处理5 （85. 27%）,且处理5肥料农学利用率最大（4. 837 0）,较习惯用肥（处理2）高出2. 037。【结论】在新疆春油菜区施用专用肥600 kg/hm²（处理5）,N、P₂O₅、K₂O分别为10. 0、4. 8和3. 6 kg/hm²,肥料增产率最高（54. 16%）,籽粒产量3 799. 92 kg/hm²,与对照、习惯用肥达到显著差异,且实现油菜高产目标同时更需要关注地力培肥和平衡施肥。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】To study the effect of special long-acting formula fertilizer on yield and fertilizer use efficiency of spring rapeseed in Xinjiang,the optimum fertilization rate was selected. 【Method】In this study,the shoot biomass yield,nutrient accumulation and yield were measured at mature stage with different NPK ratios of special long-acting formula fertilizer as control treatment and farmers’ conventional fertilization as test treatment and the fertilizer utilization efficiency were calculated and analyzed.【Results】With the increase of special fertilizer use in rapeseed,the number of effective plants,pod angle per plant,grain number per pod,grain yield and fertilizer yield increased at first and then decreased. Among the different treatment,Treatment 5 had the largest yield increase（ 55. 64%）,followed by Treatment 2（ 51. 79%）; The grain yield of treatment 5 was the highest,so was the stem yield’ They were 3,799. 92 kg/hm² and 7,579. 95 kg/hm²,respectively. There were significant differences in nutrient input and output among different treatments,and the nitrogen outputs of treatments 3,4 and 5 were higher than the inputs. The calculation and analysis of fertilizer utilization efficiency indicated that the highest N nutrient rate was found in treatment 3（ 89. 8%）,the highest P₂O₅ nutrient rate was found in treatment 5（ 46. 9%）,the highest fertilizer apparent utilization rate was found in treatment 3（ 86. 84%）,followed by treatment 5（ 85. 27%）,and the fertilizer agronomic utilization rate of treatment 5 was the highest（ 4. 837,0）,which was higher than that the conventional fertilizer（ treatment 2）（ 2. 037）.【Conclusion】The application of special fertilizer 600 kg/hm²（ treatment 5） in spring rape area of Xinjiang showed that N,P₂O₅ and K₂O were 10. 0 kg/hm²,4. 8 kg/hm² and 3. 6 kg/hm²,respectively. The fertilizer yield was the highest（ 54. 16%） and the grain yield was 3,799. 92 kg/hm²,which was significantly different from those of the CK and the farmers’ conventional fertilization. In addition,attention should be paid to two aspects of the fertility of the land and balanced fertilization in the field.更多还原