【摘要】 为探明双季稻区不同土壤耕作模式下双季水稻生理特性、干物质积累及产量的变化,本文以双季稻–紫云英大田定位试验为平台,设双季水稻翻耕+秸秆还田(CT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆还田(RT)、双季水稻免耕+秸秆还田(NT)、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆不还田(RTO,对照)4种土壤耕作处理,于2016—2017年取样,系统分析了不同处理对双季水稻植株叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。研究结果表明,早、晚稻各个主要生育时期CT和RT处理植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于RTO处理(P<0.05),而叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于RTO处理(P<0.05)。CT处理植株叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片气孔导度(Gs)均显著高于RTO处理(P<0.05),均表现为CT>RT>NT>RTO。CT和RT处理水稻植株物质生产能力强,干物质积累多,而且在各器官间的分配合理。2个年份的早稻产量均以CT处理最高,均显著高于RTO处理(P<0.05),比RTO处理增加731.1～733.3 kg hm–2;晚稻产量均以CT处理为最高,均显著高于RTO处理(P<0.05),比RTO处理增加582.5～717.6 kg hm–2。总之,土壤翻耕、旋耕结合秸秆还田处理有利于提高双季水稻叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性和干物质积累量,为水稻高产奠定了生理和生物学基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the effects of different soil tillage systems on physiological characteristics,dry matter accumulation and grain yield,a fixed location field experiment was conducted using early and late double-cropping rice and Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.) system with four soil tillage treatments including conventional tillage with residue incorporation(CT),rotary tillage with residue incorporation(RT),no-tillage with residue retention(NT),and rotary tillage with residue removed as control(RTO) from 2016 to 2017.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT) in leaves of CT,RT treatments were increased as compared with those of RTO treatment at different main growth stages of early and late rice.Meanwhile,malondialdehyde(MDA) contents in leaves of CT and RT treatments were decreased.At different main growth stages of early and late rice,the activities of SOD,POD,and CAT in leaves of CT and RT treatments were significantly higher than those of RTO treatment(P<0.05),while MDA contents of CT and RT treatments were significantly lower than those of RTO treatment(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs) in leaves of CT treatment were significantly higher than those of RTO treatment(P < 0.05),showing an order of CT > RT > NT > RTO.The results also indicated that the total dry matter accumulation of early and late rice were increased,and its reasonable distribution of rice plant in CT and RT treatments.In 2016 and 2017,the grain yield of early and late rice in CT treatment was significantly higher than that in RTO treatment(P<0.05),with an increase of 731.1–733.3 kg ha–1 and 582.5–717.6 kg ha–1,respectively.As a result,it is an effective way for improving protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics in leaves,dry matter accumulation of rice by conventional tillage and rotational tillage combined with residue incorporation practices,which results in higher grain yield of rice.更多还原