【摘要】 对兴隆山不同海拔森林土壤理化性质与海拔关系进行研究,为兴隆山森林植被与土壤相互作用过程和机理认识提供依据。以兴隆山山杨（Populus davidiana）-白桦（Betula platyphylla）-青杄（Picea wilosonii）林、青杄-灌木林和青杄-箭竹（Fargesia nitida）-苔藓林为对象,测定土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机质、全N、全P、全K、碱解N、速效K和pH值,探讨土壤理化性质与海拔的关系。结果表明:1)兴隆山3种森林0～60 cm土壤层理化性质空间分布差异较大,容重0.33～1.31 g·cm^-3,总孔隙度50.84～83.13%,有机质20.10～235.00 g·kg^-1,全N 1.02～10.47 g·kg^-1,全P 0.35～1.93 g·kg^-1,全K 14.68～27.11 g·kg^-1,碱解N 54.49～620.80 mg·kg^-1,速效K 58.89～631.32 mg·kg^-1,pH值5.73～7.70;速效K、碱解N、全N和有机质变异系数较大,总孔隙度、全K和pH值变异系数较小。2)随土壤深度的增加,容重在不断增加,总孔隙度、有机质、全N、碱解N、全P和速效K在不断减小,全K和pH值无明显变化规律。3)有机质与容重呈显著负相关,与总孔隙度、全N、碱解N和全P呈显著正相关;随土壤深度的增加,有机质对容重、总孔隙度、全N和碱解N的影响程度在逐渐增强,对全P的影响程度在逐渐减弱。4)海拔对山杨-白桦-青杄林和青杄-灌木林土壤有机质、全N、碱解N、全P和速效K有一定影响,但无明显变化规律;对3种森林土壤容重、总孔隙度、全K和pH值影响不明显。在海拔2 300～2 700 m的阴坡,兴隆山森林土壤理化性质空间分布差异较大,是土壤深度与发育年限、植被类型、气候等因子共同作用的结果;土壤深度对理化性质的影响程度明显要强于海拔高度;有机质与众多理化性质具有相关性,其在改善土壤理化性质和促进养分循环方面起着关键作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to provide a scientific basis for the understanding of the process and mechanism of forest vegetation and soil interaction,the relationship between elevation and soil physicochemical properties in Xinglong Mountain of Gansu was examined.Taking Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla-Picea wilsonii forest,P.wilsonii-shrub forest and P.wilsonii-Fargesia nitida-moss forest as research objects,9 soil physicochemical indicators were determined,including soil bulk density,total porosity,organic matter,total N,total P,total K,available N,available K and pH value.The relationships between soil physicochemical properties and altitude were discussed.The results showed that:1) the spatial distribution of the physicochemical properties in soil depth of 0-60 cm layers was quite different in Xinglong Mountain.The ranges of soil physicochemical indicators of bulk density,total porosity,organic matter,total N,total P,total K,available N,available K and pH were 0.33-1.31 g·cm^-3,50.84-83.13%,20.10-235.00 g·kg^-1,1.02-10.47 g·kg^-1,0.35-1.93 g·kg^-1,14.68-27.11 g·kg^-1,54.49-620.80 mg·kg^-1,58.89-631.32 mg·kg^-1,and 5.73-7.70,respectively.The variation coefficients of available K,available N,total N and organic matter were large,whereas the coefficients of total porosity,total K and pH were small.2) With the increase of soil depth,the bulk density increased,total porosity,organic matter,total N,available N,total P and available K decreased,and total K and pH had no obvious change regularities.3) There was a significant negative correlation between organic matter and bulk density,and significant positive correlations between organic matter and total porosity,total N,available N and total P.With the increase of soil depth,the influence of organic matter on bulk density,total porosity,total N and available N gradually increased,but its influence on total P gradually decreased.4) For P.davidiana-B.platyphylla-P.wilsonii forest and P.wilsonii-shrub forest,elevation had some influences of on organic matter,total N,available N,total P and available K,but there was no obvious change rules.For three forests,the influences of altitude on bulk density,total porosity,total K and pH were not obvious.At shady-slope with altitude 2 300-2 700 m,the spatial distribution of soil physicochemical properties varied greatly in Xinglong Mountain forests,which was the result of the combined action of soil depth,age of soil development,vegetation type and climate.The influence of soil depth on physicochemical properties was stronger than that of altitude.Organic matter was related to many physicochemical properties and played a key role in improving soil physicochemical properties and promoting nutrient circulation.更多还原