【摘要】 超临界流体具有一系列特殊性质,如,临界发散性、“临界乳光”、强氧化性、可变的介电常数、较强的溶解性等。地球深部超临界流体的存在不仅影响岩石的性质,而且对地质构造演化有重要的意义;超临界流体为油气的形成提供物质和能量,同时又是热液成矿过程中元素迁移、聚集和矿石矿物赋存空间形成的重要因素;地质构造演化与超临界流体密不可分;超临界流体对地震孕育及岩浆的产生和喷发有重要影响;超临界流体技术(超临界萃取、超临界水氧化等)不但能最大限度地回收有价值的矿物,而且能有效处理“三废”。更多还原

【Abstract】 The “critical divergence”, “critical opalescence”, intensive oxidation, alterable dielectric constant, extraordinary solvating power and structure character of supercritical fluids are reviewed,and geological applications of supercritical fluids are discussed. The macrocosmic properties of supercritical fluids are tightly concerned with microscopic structure. Supercritical fluids are an important factor in many geological processes. Supercritical fluids play an important role in the processes of fluid-rock reaction and tectonics evolution, participate reaction and provide energy for it in the formation of oil and gas, are profit to migration and enrichment of elements in hydrothermal formation of ore deposits, and greatly affect on generations of seism and magma. Supercritical techniques (supercritical extraction and supercritical water oxidation) can improve recovery ratio of ore and dispose efficiently different kinds of wastes. It was proposed that further work would be done in the fields of supercritical reaction, investigation of deep-earth processes and development of supercritical techniques in environmental geology.更多还原