【摘要】 通过对地层中各种不同异常高压形成机理的系统分析 ,认为不同的异常高压形成机理具有不同的作用对象和作用范围 ,不均衡压实、构造挤压、生烃增压和流体热膨胀增压是异常高压形成的主要机理 .不均衡压实增压主要在泥岩或大套泥岩内砂岩中有作用 ,生烃增压则主要发生于成熟—高成熟的烃源岩中 ,流体热膨胀增压主要发生于封闭体系中 ,三者具有一定的普遍性 .构造挤压作用增压主要发生于压性盆地中 ,在前陆盆地山前带具有普遍意义 .流体密度差增压主要发生于油气藏范围 ,主要产生局部异常高压 .矿物成岩作用引起的超压主要发生于储层中 ,仅是辅助的异常高压形成机理 .水压头对某些盆地的超压形成有一定作用 ,缺乏普遍性 .渗透作用对超压意义不大 .实际的含油气盆地中 ,往往是某一种或几种成因占主导地位 ,而其他成因基本不起作用或作用不明显 .所以 ,必须具体盆地具体分析更多还原

【Abstract】 The mechanisms of forming abnormal high-pressure are systematically analyzed. It is held that various abnormal high-pressure forming mechanisms have special acting objects and acting ranges. Disequilibrium compaction pressure-boosting, structure extrusion pressure-boosting, hydrocarbon generating pressure-boosting and liquid thermal-expansion pressure-boosting are the main mechanisms of forming abnormal high-pressure. Disequilibrium compaction pressure-boosting mainly takes place in mudstone and the sandstone within mudstone; hydrocarbon-generating pressure-boosting mainly takes place in mature and high-mature hydrocarbon source rock; liquid thermal-expansion pressure-boosting takes place mainly in closed systems. The three pressure-boosting mechanisms have universality. Structure extrusion pressure-boosting takes place in compressional basins, specially in foreland basins. Fluid density-difference pressure-boosting mainly takes place in oil/gas reservoirs, but it is an assistant high-pressure forming mechanism. Water pressure-head pressure-boosting has a certain effect on the formation of abnormal pressure of some basins, which has not universality. The pressure-boosting caused by permeation osmosis is generally less. Generally, several pressure-boosting mechanisms have the action on oil-bearing basins, whereas other mechanisms have little or not action.更多还原