【摘要】 元朝处在一个易于造成严重、持续灾害,由气候、地质、生态和社会相互作用的灾害生成机制里,政府和民间被迫改变其执政和生存的社会组织形式,以适应此灾害生成机制。元朝国家方略的失误之处大致在于对今天安徽、河南的欠开发和对南方的依赖。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yuan dynasty was in a mechanism formed by the serious and sustained calamities in which climate,geology,ecology and society correlated with each other.So the government and people had to change their social organizations of ruling and living to adapt to the corresponding mechanism.From the paper,we can see that the management failure in early Yuan Dynasty lies in the underdevelopment of Anhui and Henan provinces and overdependence on Southern regions of China.更多还原