【摘要】 为了探索山地自行车运动员分别进行6周平原—高原—下高原连续训练过程中的机能变化情况,为教练员是否选择高原训练、针对性地安排高原训练和下山时间提供参考依据。课题组对8名安徽山地自行车队运动员6周平原、6周高原、6周下高原训练的连续跟踪监测,对部分机能指标进行分析。结果表明:(1)6周平原训练,血清血尿素氮、酸激酶、血睾酮出现显著性变化;(2)6周高原训练,血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血尿素氮、酸激酶、血睾酮和血皮质醇均无显著性变化;(3)下高原6周训练,血红蛋白和红细胞压积先下降后回升,血尿素氮下降,肌酸激酶升高,血睾酮先下降后回升。结论:平原训练可以逐步提高运动员对训练负荷的适应能力和机能水平;平原训练比高原训练更容易提高负荷强度,高原训练比平原训练更容易提高负荷量;平原训练和高原训练都可以提高运动员的血红蛋白、红细胞压积和血睾酮水平,但高原训练比平原训练提高的幅度更大一些。建议:山地自行车运动员上高原前可以考虑安排5～6周的平原训练;高原训练期间容易引起血尿素氮升高,教练员要有计划地安排运动员的主动恢复时间;高原训练可以提高运动员的机能水平,但下高原参加比赛的时间要控制在1周之内。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the functional changes of mountain cyclists during six weeks of continuous training in plain-plateau-lower plateau,so as to provide reference for coaches to choose plateau training,arrange plateau training and downhill time.EightAnhui mountain bicycle team athletes were trained continuously on the plain for 6 weeks,on the plateau for 6 weeks and on the plateau for 6 weeks,and some functional indexes were analyzed.Results:(1) Serum BUN,CK and T showed significant changes after 6 weeks of plain training;(2) There was no significant change in HB,HCT,BUN,CK,T and C during 6 weeks of high altitude training;(3) After 6 weeks of low altitude training,HB and HCT decreased first and then rose,BUN decreased,CK increased,T decreased and then rose.Conclusion:Plain training can gradually improve the adaptability and functional level of athletes to training load;plain training is easier to increase the load intensity than plateau training,plateau training is easier to increase the load than plain training;plain training and plateau training can improve the athletes’ HB,HCT and T levels,but plateau training is more improved than plain training.Suggestions:Mountain bicycle athletes can consider arranging 5-6 weeks of plain training before going to plateau;during plateau training,BUN rises easily,and coaches should arrange athletes’ active recovery time in a planned way;plateau training can improve athletes’ functional level,but the time to participate in competitions at lower plateau should be controlled within one week.更多还原