【摘要】 绿洲化影响地表水热传输和植被生长等能量物质的变化。以空间代替时间的方法,选择绿洲内部、荒漠绿洲过渡带及荒漠的不同演化阶段,采用地面调查和遥感反演的方法,定量分析了土壤水分、植被覆盖度、地表温度、地表反照率及地表净辐射等参数的变化及其之间的关系,为该地区地气系统能量与水分交换提供理论基础。结果表明,（1）绿洲化改变了地表的植被类型和土壤水分,依次为裸露沙丘（2.1%）-泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）+沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）（2.4%）-梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）+柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）（2.2%）-沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia）+沙柳（Salix psammophila）（3.8%）-杨树（Populus tremula）（4.6%）-制种玉米（7.8%）。（2）绿洲化增加了地表的植被覆盖度和净辐射,植被覆盖度由8%增加到85%,净辐射由480 W·m^-2增加到756 W·m^-2,而降低了地表温度和地表反照率,地表温度由325 K降低到302 K,地表反照率由0.235降低到0.125。（3）植被覆盖度决定了地表能量的分配,改变了地表温度、地表反照率、地表净辐射,即植被盖度每增加1%,地表净辐射增加3.64 W·m^-2,地表温度降低0.31 K,地表反射率降低0.002。绿洲化地表能量、水分和植被生长等参数的变化研究有助于理解绿洲可持续发展及水土气生相互作用,对荒漠绿洲过渡带生态系统稳定健康发展具有重要的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The processes of oases development influence the changes of land surface water heat transport, water and vegetation growth. Based on the method of space instead of time, this paper choose the different processes of oases development from desert to oasis, getting soil moisture through the ground investigation, and obtain land surface parameters of vegetation coverage, the surface temperature, surface albedo and net radiation from remote sensing inversion, which determined the quantitative relationship among these parameters in the processes of oasis development, to find the inherent law of land surface characteristic parameters in the oasis development processes in the middle Heihe River Basin. The results showed that:（1）, Oasification changes vegetation types on the surface and soil moisture, which was in turn bare sand dunes（2.1%） Nitraria sphaerocarpa+Calligonum mongolicum（2.4%）, Haloxylon ammodendron+Tamarix chinensis（2.2%）, Elaeagnus angustifolia+Salix psammophila（3.8%）, Populus tremula（4.6）, corn for see（7.8%）.（2） Oases increase the vegetation coverage（from 8% to 85%） and net radiation(from 480 W·m^-2 to 756 W·m^-2) of the land surface, and reduce the land surface temperature（from 325 K to 302 K） and land surface albedo（from 0.235 to 0.125）.（3） Vegetation coverage determines the distribution of surface energy and changes surface temperature, surface albedo and surface net radiation. For every 1% increase in vegetation coverage, and the net radiation increased by 3.64 W·m^-2, the surface temperature decreased 0.31 K, and the surface reflectivity was reduced by 0.002. The changes of land surface water heat transport, water and vegetation growth in the processes of oases development helps understand the oasis sustainable development and water, soil aerial interaction. The research has important reference for steady and healthy development of the desert oasis ecotone ecosystem.更多还原