【摘要】 含镉(Cd²⁺)废水不仅来源广泛且毒性强,易对生态环境及人类健康造成极大危害,因此研究水中Cd²⁺的去除具有重要意义。以蔗糖为碳源,硼酸为掺杂剂,利用水热和化学活化相结合的方法制备了硼掺杂微介孔碳球（boron-doped micro-mesoporous carbon spheres,B-MMPC）,并首次研究了硼掺杂量、吸附时间、pH、吸附剂质量、初始质量浓度与温度对Cd²⁺吸附效果的影响。结果表明,硼掺杂有利于提升碳材料对Cd²⁺的吸附效果,B-MMPC-3吸附Cd²⁺的最佳pH=5,12 h基本达到吸附平衡,温度升高对吸附有利。当碳投加量为40 mg,p H=5,Cd²⁺初始质量浓度为110 mg·L^-1,取50 mL Cd²⁺溶液,在298 K下吸附12 h后,B-MMPC-3对Cd²⁺的吸附量高达41.9 mg·g^-1;且在相同实验条件下,温度升高到308 K和318K时,B-MMPC-3对Cd²⁺的吸附量分别是42.9mg·g^-1和43.3mg·g^-1。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）、比表面积（BET）、红外光谱（FTIR）和拉曼光谱（Raman）表征吸附Cd²⁺前后B-MMPC-3的形貌结构证实,B-MMPC-3为具有微介孔结构的碳球,直径为1-6μm,样品中硼、碳和氧的质量分数分别为6.46%、90.43%和3.11%,比表面积和孔体积分别为672.3m2·g^-1和0.36cm3·g^-1,表面存在着丰富的含氧和含硼官能团。而且,提出了B-MMPC-3对Cd²⁺的吸附机理主要有静电吸引、孔隙吸附以及O-B-O、C=O、-OH等官能团络合。B-MMPC-3对Cd²⁺的吸附取得了较好的效果,有利于促进B-MMPC-3在其他重金属废水（铅、铜、铬、砷等）或印染废水（亚甲基蓝、橙黄G、甲基紫等）领域中的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cadmium-containing wastewater(Cd²⁺) comes from a variety of sources and has strong toxicity, which is easy to cause great harm to ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the removal of Cd²⁺ from wastewater. Boron-doped micro-mesoporous carbon spheres（B-MMPC） were prepared by a combined hydrothermal and chemical activation method using sucrose and boric acid as carbon source and doping agent in this work. The effects of boron-doping amount,adsorption time, pH, the mass of adsorbent, as well as initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of Cd²⁺ were then studied for the first time. The results showed that the boron-doping of carbon materials could improve the adsorption efficiency of Cd²⁺. The optimal pH value for Cd²⁺ adsorption by B-MMPC-3 was equal to 5, the adsorption equilibrium was reached basically at 12 h, and high temperature was beneficial to the adsorption. When the dosage was 40 mg, pH was 5, the Cd²⁺ initial concentration was 110 mg·L^-1, the volume of the solution was 50 mL, and the adsorption capacity of Cd²⁺ by B-MMPC-3 reached 41.9 mg·g^-1 at298 K for 12 h. Furthermore, under the same experimental conditions, when the temperature was increased to 308 K and 318 K, the adsorption capacity of Cd²⁺ by B-MMPC-3 was 42.9 mg·g^-1 and 43.3 mg·g^-1 respectively. The morphology and structure of B-MMPC-3 before and after adsorption of Cd²⁺ was characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray energy dispersive analysis（EDS）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）, Fourier transform infrared spectrum（FTIR）, and Raman spectroscopy（Raman）. The results displayed that B-MMPC-3 was carbon spheres with micro-mesoporous structure, the diameter of spheres was 1-6 μm, the weight percentages of boron, carbon and oxygen in the samples are 6.46%, 90.43% and 3.11%, respectively. The specific surface area and pore volume was respectively 672.3 m2·g^-1 and 0.36 cm3·g^-1, and the surface has abundant oxygen-containing and boron-containing functional groups. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism of Cd²⁺ by B-MMPC-3 was also proposed to be electrostatic attraction, pore adsorption, and functional groups complexation of O-B-O, C=O, and-OH. In this paper, the adsorption of Cd²⁺ by B-MMPC-3 showed good results, which was conducive to promoting the application of B-MMPC-3 in the fields of other heavy metal wastewater（lead, copper, chromium, arsenic, etc.） or dyeing wastewater（methylene blue, orange G, methyl violet, etc.）.更多还原