【摘要】 围绕格尔木地区枸杞果农药残留问题,开展从枸杞植株-蜂蜜-土壤-地下水系统迁移环境中农药残留水平及枸杞果膳食暴露风险评估研究。采集地下水、枸杞果实、枸杞茎叶、枸杞蜂蜜以及土壤样品76个,对11种常用农药进行检测,在各种农药残留水平分析的基础上,分别利用急性参考剂量和每日允许摄入量进行急性和慢性膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明,76份样品共检出吡虫啉、阿维菌素、草甘膦和多菌灵4种农药,农药种类残留最多的是枸杞叶和土壤样。从平均残留量和最高残留量来看,吡虫啉在枸杞果实、枸杞叶和土壤中残留量相对较高,最高残留量达88μg·kg^-1,而在地下水和蜂蜜样中相对较低;其余农药的残留主要集中在土壤和枸杞叶中,阿维菌素和草甘膦在土壤中最高分别达45.5μg·kg^-1和1 270μg·kg^-1,多菌灵在枸杞叶中达到8 400μg·kg^-1。4种农药在系统迁移过程中的差异性:草甘膦在土壤中降解性能好,主要残留于土壤中,呈现地表累积特征;多菌灵不溶于水,不易迁移,多残留在枸杞的植株中;吡虫啉具有渗透性强,附着力好、耐冲刷等特点,在土壤、地下水、果实及植物等环境中表现出较明显的稳定性;阿维菌素在酸性和碱性条件下降解不稳定,同时受夏季雨水的冲刷作用,在土壤-地下水迁移过程中表现出不稳定的特征。急性膳食暴露风险和慢性膳食暴露风险均小于100%,暴露风险处于可接受水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the problem of pesticide residue in wolfberry from Golmud area, a study on pesticide residue distribution in wolfberry and a risk assessment of dietary exposure was conducted. A total of 76 samples from groundwater, wolfberry fruit,wolfberry stems and leaves, wolfberry honey, soil and groundwater were collected. Then, 11 commonly used pesticides were tested to analyze the pesticide residue level, and the acute reference dose（H, %） and allowable daily intake（I, %） were employed to conduct risk assessments for acute and chronic dietary exposure. The results showed that a total of four pesticides were detected for imidacloprid, abamectin, glyphosate and carbendazim in 76 samples. The residual amount of those four pesticides differed in different samples. Imidacloprid was detected in all sample types, abamectin was detected in four sample types（it was not detected in fruit samples）, carbendazim was only detected in wolfberry leaves, and glyphosate was only detected in soil samples. The most pesticide types were detected in leaf and soil samples. The imidacloprid in wolfberry fruit, leaves, and soil were relatively higher,reaching 88 μg·kg^-1 while those in groundwater and honey samples were relatively lower. Other pesticide residues were mainly concentrated in soil and wolfberry leaf samples, and the amount of residues from abamectin and glyphosate in soil were as high as 45.5 and 1 270 μg·kg^-1, respectively. The carbendazim residue in wolfberry leaves reached 8 400 μg·kg^-1. The distribution reflects the differences of four pesticides in the migration process of the system. Glyphosate has a good degradation performance in soil,which is mainly residual in the soil and shows the characteristics of surface accumulation. Polyfungicide is insoluble in water,difficult to migrate, and residues in lycium barbarum plants. Imidacloprid has the characteristics of strong permeability, good adhesion and erosion resistance, and shows obvious stability in soil, groundwater, fruits, plants and other environments. Abamectin is unstable characteristics under acidic and alkaline conditions from soil to groundwater. The acute dietary exposure risk was<100%,the chronic dietary exposure risk was<100%, and the exposure risks were both at low levels.更多还原