【摘要】 采用室内土壤理化分析与根系扫描技术等研究方法,系统地研究排土场复垦区不同植被类型土壤理化性质及根系分布特征,并对4种植被类型（刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia、榆树Ulmus pumila、紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa、火炬树Rhus typhina）土壤质量进行评价。结果表明:（1）排土场复垦区土壤容重在1.19-1.28 g·cm^-3之间,刺槐和火炬树土壤容重较小;排土场毛管孔隙度表现为紫穗槐（40.29%）>刺槐（39.45%）>火炬树（38.67%）>榆树（36.56%）,土壤含水率在9.85%-11.73%之间;（2）排土场不同样地初始入渗率表现为刺槐>火炬树>榆树>紫穗槐,稳定入渗率表现为刺槐(3.06mm·min^-1)>榆树(1.03 mm·min^-1)>火炬树(0.98 mm·min^-1)>紫穗槐(0.85 mm·min^-1);（3）刺槐、榆树、紫穗槐、火炬树土壤有机质依次为12.6、10.49、8.45、9.96 g·kg^-1,全氮含量在0.54-0.69 g·kg^-1之间,有效磷含量在4.73-6.13 mg·kg^-1之间,速效钾含量在102.15-137.13 g·kg^-1之间;（4）排土场各样地根重密度表现为刺槐>火炬树>榆树>紫穗槐,根长密度为紫穗槐>火炬树>刺槐>榆树,根表面积密度为刺槐>榆树>火炬树>紫穗槐;（5）筛选13个指标来评价排土场土壤质量,排土场土壤质量综合指数表现为刺槐（0.637）>火炬树（0.426）>榆树（0.416）>紫穗槐（0.369）,刺槐林地土壤质量最佳。研究结果可为排土场土地复垦与植被恢复提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the present study, the indoor physical and chemical analysis and root scanning technology were used to investigate the soil physical and chemical properties and root distribution characteristics with different vegetation types（Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina） in the dump and their soil quality were evaluated. The results showed that:（1） the soil bull density was 1.19-1.28 g·cm^-3 in the dump, among them, that of Robinia pseudoacacia and Rhus typhina was smaller. The porosity of the dump was Amorpha fruticosa（40.29%）>Robinia pseudoacacia（39.45%）>Rhus typhina（38.67%）>Ulmus pumila（36.56%） and soil water content was 9.85%-11.73%.（2） The initial infiltration rate of the dump was Robinia pseudoacacia>Rhus typhina Ulmus pumila>Amorpha fruticosa and the steady infiltration rate and average infiltration rate was Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila>Rhus typhina>Amorpha fruticosa. The stable infiltration rate of Robinia pseudoacacia was 3.06 mm·min^-1 and Amorpha fruticosa was 0.85 mm·min^-1.（3） The soil organic matter of Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina was 12.6, 10.49, 8.45 and 9.96 g·kg^-1, respectively. The total N was 0.54-0.69 g·kg^-1, available P was 4.73-6.13 mg·kg^-1 and available K was 102.15-137.13 mg·kg^-1.（4） The root weight density of the dump was Robinia pseudoacacia>Rhus typhina>Ulmus pumila>Amorpha fruticosa. The root length density was Amorpha fruticosa>Rhus typhina>Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila. The root surface area density was Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila>Rhus typhina>Amorpha fruticosa. And（5） 13 indexes were selected to evaluate the soil quality in the dump. The comprehensive index of soil quality was Robinia pseudoacacia（0.637）>Rhus typhina（0.426）>Ulmus pumila（0.416）>Amorpha fruticosa（0.369） in the dump and Robinia pseudoacacia was the best. The results provide a scientific basis for land reclamation and vegetation restoration in the dump.更多还原