【摘要】 地膜残留污染是新疆棉花生产面临的最突出的环境问题,而生物降解地膜是解决地膜残留污染问题的重要手段。采用一种新型生物降解膜,在棉田开展了连续两年的评价试验研究,系统评价了生物降解地膜（BD）的田间降解特性、物理机械性能、增温保墒功效以及对棉花生长发育及产量形成的影响,并结合生物地膜经济效益分析了生物降解膜在棉花生产中的应用前景。结果表明,BD降解性能稳定,于覆膜51-62 d开始降解,基本满足前期棉花生长需求,直至棉花收获BD降解率为78.2%。随着覆膜时间的增长和降解进程的发展,地膜拉伸负荷与断裂伸长率均明显下降。BD保水性能明显低于普通地膜（PE）。整个生育时期内BD日平均温度较PE降低0.46℃,苗期和蕾期BD土壤温度较PE分别降低0.91℃和0.39℃,花铃期和吐絮期BD土壤温度较PE分别提高0.35℃和0.50℃。2015年和2016年BD较PE分别减产237.6 kg·hm^-2和181.5kg·hm^-2,2 a平均减产209.6 kg·hm^-2,平均减产率为4.86%,因生物降解地膜不断改进,每年产量差异逐渐减小,在忽略普通地膜回收成本的前提下,2 a BD较PE净利润收入减少1 802.49 yuan·hm^-2,产投比下降0.08。综上,降解地膜要实现大面积的推广和应用,在功能和产品价格上仍需不断改进。更多还原

【Abstract】 Residual film mulch pollution is one of the most prominent environmental problems for the cotton production in Xinjiang.The biodegradable mulch film can effectively solve the problem of residual film contamination. In this study, 2-year experiment was conducted by using new biodegradable membrane（BD）. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of biodegradable membrane application on degradation characteristics, mechanical properties, temperature and moisture retention effects and cotton yield. The results indicated that BD had a stable degradation performance and began to degrade at 51-62 d, and until the cotton harvest its degradation rate was 78.21%. With the increase of filming time and the development of degradation process, the tensile load and elongation at break were significantly decreased. BD water retention performance was significantly lower than ordinary mulch（PE）.The average daily temperature of BD decreased by 0.46 ℃ during the whole growth period, and the soil temperature of BD in seedling and bud stage was 0.91 ℃ and 0.39 ℃ lower than that of PE. The soil temperature of BD in the flowering and boll opening was 0.35 ℃ and 0.50 ℃ higher than that of PE. Compared with PE, cotton yield declined in 2015 and 2016 declined by 237.6 kg·hm^-2 and 181.5 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The average yield reduction was 209.55 kg·hm^-2. The annual output difference was gradually reduced due to the improvement of biodegradable film. Under the premise of neglecting the cost of ordinary film recycling,the average net profit income for BD was lower than PE by 1 802.49 yuan·hm^-2, and the ratio of production to investment had dropped by 0.08. In summary, the degradation of the film must achieve large-scale promotion and application, and still need to be continuously improved in terms of function and product price.更多还原