【摘要】 采煤活动强烈干扰流域土地利用,进而对流域生态系统产生严重影响。在综合国内外流域生态演变实例研究的基础上,筛选了采煤生态影响的关键因子,构建适合于压煤山丘区小流域生态影响指标参数,结合时间序列从小流域尺度研究了压煤山丘区采煤影响下的土地利用变化规律,在此基础上,构建了小流域采煤生态影响评价综合影响指数,利用改进的集对分析(SPA)法对长河流域的生态等级进行评判,同时引入马尔可夫链(Markov)对2020年流域生态演变状况进行预测。研究结果表明,(1)长河流域采煤对耕地演变的驱动指数最大,其次是建设用地、草地、林地和水域,流域综合土地利用变化采煤驱动指数由2005-2010年的4.76升高至2010-2015年的5.04,采煤对流域土地利用变化的驱动力逐步增强。(2)2005-2010年期间,流域生态稳定性整体呈下降趋势,2010-2020年间又逐步改善并趋于稳定,长河流域采煤生态影响等级由2005年的Ⅲ级到2015年的Ⅱ级,2020年的Ⅱ级,总体上长河流域生态稳定性呈波动上升的趋势。(3)从分项指标上,长河流域2005-2015年植被覆盖指数、水体密度指数逐渐降低,土地退化指数和生物丰度指数升高,采煤塌陷损毁指数和矿区干扰指数升高,导致生态响应指数动态波动,采煤导致的植被覆盖减少、水体密度降低等负面效应还应引起重视。该文可为小流域生态演变规律研究在方法上提供一种借鉴,为北方村庄压煤山丘区土地综合整治提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mining activities strongly influence land use in the watershed, and then have a serious impact on the watershed ecosystem.This paper summarizes and reviews the domestic and foreign relevant research on the evolution of the watershed, selects the key factors of the ecological impact of coal mining, constructs the ecological impact assessment index for small watershed in the coal hilly area, and follows the time series to focus on the rules of land use of coal mining on small watershed scale. On this basis, an eco-impact index is constructed. And then, this paper uses the improved Set Pair Analysis method to evaluate the ecological level of Changhe watershed, and introduces the Markov chain theory to forecast the ecological evolution of the watershed in 2020. The results show that:(1) The coal mining on the basin scale of cultivated land change is the strongest driving force, followed by the land use change of the construction land, grassland, forest land and water. The comprehensive land use change of the coal mining driving index increased from 4.76 in 2005-2010 to 5.04 in 2010-2015, and the driving force of coal mining to the land use change was gradually increasing;(2) During the period of 2005-2010, the ecology and environment of the Changhe watershed was decreasing;the ecological conditions in 2010-2015 gradually improved and stabilized. There was an overall improvement from Ⅲ to Ⅱ in the ecological impact level of Changhe watershed from 2005, 2015, and 2020;(3) From the sub-index, the vegetation coverage index and the water body density index decreased gradually in the river basin from 2005 to 2015, the land degradation index and the biological abundance index increased, coal mining subsidence damage index and mining disturbance index increased, leading to the ecological impact index dynamic fluctuations. Coal mining caused a decrease of vegetation, water density and other negative effects should also be taken seriously. This paper provides references for the study of ecological evolution of small watersheds, and for the comprehensive land remediation in the northern hilly villages of the Changhe watershed.更多还原