【摘要】 中国东北油田开采区大量土地质量下降,石油污染治理与修复已经引起高度重视。通过对比各生物质炭理化性质差异及其对辽河油田石油污染土壤的修复效果,在修复石油污染土壤的同时,推进东北地区农业资源综合利用,对石油污染修复具有实际意义,对制备改性生物炭具有指导作用。以玉米（Zea mays）秸秆、芦苇（Phragmites australis）秸秆和松针（Pinusarmandi）为生物质材料在300℃条件下制备生物炭,测定其产率、灰分、pH值,并利用BET、能谱分析、扫描电镜和红外光谱等技术对不同生物质炭进行性质表征,通过40d的石油污染土壤修复试验对比不同生物质炭对总石油烃及各组分烃类的修复效率。结果表明,各生物质炭物化性状存在明显差异,松针生物炭扫描电镜呈层状结构,玉米秸秆生物炭具有孔状轮廓但孔隙内部覆有碎片,芦苇秸秆生物炭孔隙结构清晰且具有深度,比表面积为93.47 m²·g^-1。经不同生物质炭40 d修复后,不同处理总石油烃及各组分烃类去除效果:芦苇秸秆生物炭>玉米秸秆生物炭>松针生物炭>CK（对照组）。所有处理组中石油烃各组分的去除效果:饱和烃>芳香烃>非烃类物质,各组分烃类呈现不同降解规律。生物炭可提高石油污染土壤中总石油烃及各组分烃类物质的去除效果,其中芦苇秸秆生物炭对石油污染土壤的修复效率最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The land quality of the northeast oilfield of China is declining. The treatment and restoration of petroleum pollution have already aroused great attention. A large number of studies have proved that biochar can enhance the removal efficiency of petroleum pollutants in soil. Comparing the physicochemical properties of biochar and the effect of remediation of oil-contaminated soil in Liaohe Oilfield, the comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources in northeast China can be promoted while remediating oil-contaminated soil. It has practical significance for oil pollution restoration and has a guiding role in the preparation of modified biochar. Three types of biochars were fabricated from maize（Zea mays） straw, reed（Phragmites australis） straw and pine（Pinus armandi） needles at 300 ℃. The productivity, ash, and pH of these biochars were analyzed. The biochar properties were characterized by BET（Brunauer Emmett Teller）, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and FTIR（Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy）. The removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons, and the components were compared through 40 days remediation. The results showed that the structure and physicochemical properties of biochars were significantly influenced by biomass material. Biochar of pine needles was layered, and maize straw biochar showed a pore-shaped profile but was covered with debris in pores. The BET of reed straw biochar was 93.47 m²·g^-1, with clear pore structure and depth. After 40 days remediation,the removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbon and the components showed that reed straw biochar>corn straw biochar>pine needle biochar>natural removal. The effect of biochar on the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon was obvious. Removal rates of each component were saturated hydrocarbon>aromatic hydrocarbon>non-hydrocarbon. Biochar can effectively promote the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon and each component. The remediation efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon in reed straw biochar treatment is higher than that in natural group.更多还原