【摘要】 土壤纤毛虫是土壤微型生物系统的重要组成部分,在生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中发挥着重要作用。研究青藏高原高寒草甸土壤纤毛虫群落的季节变化特征,有助于认识区域及全球变化对土壤动物群落结构及其多样性的影响,可为退化生态系统的恢复评价提供科学依据。于2015年4月、7月、9月和12月在甘南合作市附近的高寒草甸选取典型样地,采用"非淹没培养皿法"、"活体观察法"等测定土壤纤毛虫物种数和密度,同时测定了土壤含水量、土壤温度、光照度、pH值及土壤养分等相关环境因子。结果表明,春夏秋冬土壤环境因子变化有显著差异,4个季节分别检出纤毛虫97、141、105、78种,其中,旋毛纲(Spirotrichea)和裂口纲(Litostomatea)为优势类群。Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数以及Pieluo指数均为春季相对较高,Margalef指数、物种数和丰度均为夏季最高,纤毛虫的垂直分布具有表聚性。土壤纤毛虫群落结构和环境因子的冗余分析表明,土壤温度、全磷含量、光照度和含水量等均影响了甘南高寒草甸土壤纤毛虫群落的分布,其中土壤温度是关键限制因子。该研究结果有助于深入理解和准确预测高寒草甸牧区的土壤纤毛虫在生态系统养分循环中生态功能的变化特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil ciliates are an important component of soil micro-biological system, and play an important role in the material cycle and energy flow of ecosystem. The study on seasonal variation characteristics of soil ciliate community in alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which will help to understand the effects of regional and global changes on soil animal community structure and diversity, and provide scientific basis for the restoration and evaluation of degraded ecosystems. Typical samples were selected in April, July, September and December 2015 in Gannan alpine meadow. The number and density of soil ciliates were measured by "submerged culture dish method" and "living observation method". Soil water content,soil temperature, light intensity, pH value and soil nutrients were also measured. The results showed that there were significant differences of soil environmental factors in spring,summer, autumn and winter, and 97, 141, 105 and 78 ciliates were detected in four seasons. Among them, Spirotrichea and Litostomatea were the dominant group, and the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Pieluo index were relatively high in spring, Margalef index, species number and abundance were the highest in summer, and the vertical distribution of soil ciliates had surface accumulation. The redundancy analysis of soil ciliate community structure and environmental factors showed that soil temperature,total phosphorus content, light intensity and soil water content affected the distribution of soil ciliate community in Gannan alpine meadow, and soil temperature was the key limiting factor. The results are helpful for us to understand and predict the changes of soil ciliates’ ecological functions in the nutrient cycle of the ecosystem in alpine meadow pasture areas.更多还原