【摘要】 土壤有机质的数量和质量不仅是衡量土壤肥力状况的核心要素,其形成、转化及稳定过程还与全球气候变化密切相关。植物残体是土壤有机质的初始来源,但由于其腐解过程的复杂、多变性以及土壤有机质、微生物的高度异质性,植物残体向土壤有机质的转化和稳定机理尚不十分明确。本文介绍并讨论了近年来关于植物残体向土壤有机质转化相关研究的新发现,探讨了微生物源和植物源有机质对土壤有机质的贡献,概述了土壤有机质形成的微生物驱动机制,并综述了植物残体输入后土壤有机质稳定性的相关研究,最后对该研究领域未来的发展进行展望,以期能够为科学地提高土壤的固碳能力提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Organic carbon contained in soil organic matter is the largest terrestrial carbon sink on the globe. Quantity and quality of soil organic matter is a major indicator reflecting soil fertility. Moreover, the processes of formation, transformation and stabilization of soil organic matter are closely related to global climate change. Plant residues are the primary source of soil organic matter, of which the decomposition is subject to the impacts of numerous factors. Soil organic matter and microorganisms vary sharply in spatiotemporal distribution, thus affecting turnover ofplant residues. Besides, quantity, quality and input pathway of plant residues per se also governs decomposition of the residues. So, mechanisms of the transformation of plant residues into organic matter and its stabilization remain unclear. In this paper, introduction to and discussion on new findings in relevant studies on transformation of plant residues into soil organic matter in recent years is presented, exploration made of contributions of microbe-derived organic matter and plantderived organic matter to total soil organic matter, and elaboration done of the mechanism of soil microbe driving formation of soil organic matter formation. Besides, in the study, a review is presented of relevant studies on stability of soil organic matter after input of plant residues. In the end outlooks of the researches in this field are discussed in the paper, in expectation of providing certain reference for future researches on scientifically improving soil carbon sequestration capacity.更多还原