【摘要】 土壤是地球陆地生态系统中碳的重要贮藏库。露天煤矿区既是"碳源",也是"碳汇",研究其土壤碳的变化对区域碳平衡具有重要意义。本文梳理了当前世界范围内对露天煤矿区土壤碳库的构成、土壤有机碳库的区分测定方法、积累、转化和时空分布的研究。已有研究成果表明:(1)复垦与未复垦排土场中土壤无机碳含量无显著差异。(2)土壤有机碳的含量受复垦植被、年限、地形及土壤理化性质的影响。(3)不同因素通过影响土壤中的矿质态氮和微生物活性而影响有机碳的分解矿化率。(4)不同类型有机碳在土壤剖面中的分布呈不同规律,生物成因有机碳主要积累在土壤表层和亚表层,而地球成因有机碳积累在土壤底层。在此基础上提出深入研究方向:土壤无机碳和有机碳的相互转化关系、土壤碳循环与氮、磷、水循环的耦合关系及与生态系统生物多样性之间的内在联系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil is an important reservoir of carbon(C) in terrestrial ecosystems. Opencast coal mine is not only a C source, but also a C sink. It is significant to study the change of soil C in the opencast coal mine for regional C balance. The fractions, measurement, accumulation, transformation and temporal-spatial distribution of soil C pools in opencast coal mine were reviewed. There was no significant difference in the content of soil inorganic C between the reclaimed mine and the un-reclaimed dump. The content of soil organic C was affected by the vegetation, time,topography and soil physicochemical properties. Different factors influenced the rates of decomposition and mineralization of soil organic C due to the changes of mineral nitrogen and microbial activity. Biogenic organic C was mainly accumulated on the topsoil and sub-surface soil, while geogenic organic C was mostly accumulated at subsoil.More attentions should be paid to the interconversion relationship between soil inorganic C and organic C, the complex coupling relation between soil C cycle and nitrogen, phosphorus and water cycles, and the internal relationship between soil C cycle and the biodiversity of ecosystem.更多还原