【摘要】 为明确将牛蒡根酶解物用作水溶性有机肥的可行性及其肥效,采用叶面喷施和灌根施肥两种方式,研究了其对番茄生长、品质及土壤生物特性的影响。结果表明,与空白对照相比,叶面喷施和灌施牛蒡根酶解物均可显著提高番茄的株高和茎粗,叶片抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶的活力提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低;番茄中可溶性糖、维生素C和番茄红素含量提高,有机酸含量降低;根际土壤中细菌和放线菌数量增加,过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶等酶活力显著提高。牛蒡根酶解物的肥效与其施用浓度有关,与低浓度牛蒡根酶解物叶面喷施和灌根施肥相比,高浓度牛蒡根酶解物叶面喷施和灌根施肥处理的株高增长量分别提高了17.06%和6.20%,茎粗增长量分别提高了12.20%和7.91%,叶片MDA含量分别降低了17.75%和17.79%,APX、CAT、POD、SOD等叶片抗氧化酶活力和过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶等土壤酶活力提高,根际土壤中细菌和放线菌数量增加,番茄品质提高。牛蒡根酶解物水溶性好,且具有普通有机肥的肥效特征,是一种优质的水溶性有机肥料。综合利用牛蒡根废弃物制备水溶性有机肥对解决因其废弃堆积而造成的环境污染问题具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to determine the fertilizer efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root and its feasibility as water-soluble organic fertilizer, the effects of enzymatic hydrolysate of burdock root on the growth and quality of tomato and soil biological characteristics were studied by foliar spraying and root irrigation. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root significantly increased the plant height and stem diameter, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in leaves, and decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA), when compared with control treatment. The contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C and lycopene were increased, but the content of organic acid was decreased in tomato. The amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes, and the activities of CAT, phosphatase, urease and invertase were increased in the rhizosphere soil. The fertilizer efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root was related to its application concentration. Compared with the low concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate, the foliar spraying and root irrigation with high concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate increased the plant height by 17.06% and6.20%, increased the stem diameter by 12.20% and 7.91%, and decreased the leaf MDA content by 17.75% and17.79%, respectively. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including APX, CAT, POD and SOD, were increased, and the activities of CAT, phosphatase, urease and invertase were enhanced. The bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil increased, and the quality of tomato was improved. Enzymatic hydrolysate from burdock root is a kind of high quality water-soluble organic fertilizer with good water solubility and the characteristics of ordinary organic fertilizer. Comprehensive utilization of burdock root waste to produce water-soluble organic fertilizer is of great significance to solve environmental pollution caused by waste accumulation.更多还原