【摘要】 以宁夏银北重度碱化盐土为研究对象,系统研究生化黄腐酸BFA(Biochemical fulvic acid)和聚合硫酸铁铝PAFS(Polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate)与脱硫石膏FGD(Flue gas desulfurization)配合施用对土壤结构改善及其他理化性状的改良效果。结果表明:施用脱硫石膏和结构改良剂后向日葵出苗率、株高、千粒重和产量较对照均有显著增加。2014年、2015年和2016年脱硫石膏和改良剂配合施用的处理产量比对照平均提高了353.48%、298.82%和411.47%。2014年施用脱硫石膏和结构改良剂的处理0～20 cm土壤容重较对照处理平均降低9.07%,其中T3(FGD+BFA+PAFS)降幅最大。各处理土壤孔隙度变化趋势与容重相反。2015年和2016年0～20 cm脱硫石膏和改良剂配合施用的处理<0.25 mm粒级质量分数比2014年显著降低,1～2 mm粒级质量分数显著增加。整体来讲,改良后T3土壤水稳性团聚体状况最佳。脱硫石膏单独施用或与结构改良剂配合施用均会降低土壤pH值和EC,T3降幅最大;施用脱硫石膏和不同结构改良剂处理差异间不显著。施用脱硫石膏和改良剂后土壤有机质较对照明显增加,其中T3增幅最大,T4(FGD+BFA)次之。施用脱硫石膏和改良剂后土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾变化情况与有机质相似,但增幅略大于有机质增幅。整体来讲,施用FGD+BFA+PAFS可以显著改善碱化盐土土壤结构、提高土壤有机质和养分含量,实现作物显著增产增收。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil salinization is a major problem in arid and semi-arid areas. The improvement effect for soil structure,and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed after the application of biochemical fulvic acid(BFA),polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate(PAFS), and combined flue gas desulfurization(FGD) to the highly alkalize solonchaks in Yinchuan, Northern Ningxia. The emergence rates, plant heights, thousand grain weights and yields of sunflower were increased significantly after applying FGD. Compared with control treatment, the yield of sunflower after applying FGD was increased by 353.48%, 298.82% and 411.47% in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The application of FGD, especially which combined with BFA and PAFS(T3), decreased soil bulk density at 0-20 cm layer by 9.07% relative to the control treatment. The effects of soil amendments on soil porosity were opposite to those on soil bulk density. After applying FGD, the mass percentage of < 0.25 mm soil particle was significantly decreased,and that of 1-2 mm was significantly increased in 2015 and 2016 relative to that in 2014. The status of soil water stable aggregates was the best in the T3 treatment. The values of pH and EC were decreased after single application of FGD or combined with soil amendments, especially in T3 treatment. The content of soil organic matter was the highest in the T3 treatment, followed by the treatment of FGD combined with BFA(T4). The same effects of soil amendments on soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were found as those on soil organic matter. Overall, the application of FGD combined with BFA and PAFS could improve soil structure, increase the contents of soil organic matter and nutrient, and further achieve high crop yield and income.更多还原