【摘要】 采用田间随机区组试验方法,对黄河三角洲盐碱垦殖区苜蓿草地进行施肥处理,以期获得肥料类型对苜蓿产量的影响效应和土壤养分变化情况,为黄河三角洲退化苜蓿草地恢复和延缓衰退提出科学依据,对维护黄河三角洲苜蓿草地功能和周边环境具有重要的生态学意义。结果表明:不同类型肥料的输入均能显著提高苜蓿产量,平均增产幅度为19%,对于不同类型肥料,速效肥短期内可以取得较好的苜蓿生物学产量;但从周年生产来看,控释肥I(AF)和控释肥Ⅱ(BF)均可以促进分枝数量、根系长度、体积和干重增加,而控释肥Ⅱ(BF)表现为增产效果最好,比对照增产22%,控释肥I(AF)与速效肥(HF)差异显著(P<0.05)。不同类型肥料对土壤营养特性作用效果不同,施肥区0-20 cm深度的速效磷和速效钾含量普遍比对照区高1.5～3.0倍,这也是施肥区域苜蓿总产量提高的物质基础,说明在黄河三角洲地区,合理的施肥措施可以促进苜蓿产量的提高和土壤养分的变化,牧草的增产为草地恢复和延缓衰退奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The field randomized block experiment method was used to apply fertilizer to alfalfa fields in saline-alkali reclamation areas of the Yellow River Delta, in order to obtain the effects of fertilizer types on alfalfa yield and the changes of soil nutrients, and provide scientific basis for the restoration and delaying recession of alfalfa fields in the Yellow River Delta, and this research had important ecological significance for maintaining the functions of alfalfa fields and the surrounding environment in the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that the application of different types of fertilizers could significantly improve the alfalfa yield, with an average increase of 19%. For different types of fertilizers, the quick-acting fertilizer could get better biological yield of alfalfa in a short period. However, for the annual production, controlled release fertilizer I(AF) and controlled release fertilizer II(BF) could promote the increase of branch number, root length, volume and dry weight, while controlled-release fertilizer II(BF) was the best in improving the alfalfa yield, it improved the yield by 22% compared with the CK, and there was a significant difference in the yield between controlled release fertilizer I(AF) and quick-acting fertilizer(HF)(P<0.05). The different type fertilizer had different effects on soil nutrient characteristics, the content of soil available potassium and available phosphorus in 0-20 cm depth of fertilizer treatment plots was 1.5 ～ 3.0 times higher than that of CK, and this was also the material basis for the increase of total alfalfa yield in the fertilization area, which indicated that reasonable fertilization measures could promote the increase of alfalfa yield and the change of soil nutrients in the Yellow River Delta area, and the increase of forage yield laid a foundation for grassland restoration and delaying recession.更多还原