【摘要】 钾是重要的品质元素,为了筛选枣果实品质最适宜的钾肥浓度,以5年生‘骏枣’为研究材料,在开花期和果实膨大期沟施不同量的钾肥,研究其对叶片光合参数、荧光参数及果实品质的影响。结果表明,钾肥对‘骏枣’生长、果实品质的影响存在明显的浓度效应。在0～153 g/株的施钾范围内,叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、电子传递速率(ETR)、淀粉含量、Vc含量、葡萄糖含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、糖酸比、纵横径及单果重均随施钾量的增加而升高,且在沟施K2O 153 g/株达峰值;当施K2O量为153～306 g/株时,上述参数均呈下降趋势。胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和非化学猝灭系数(qN)随施钾量的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,施K2O 153 g/株时为最低值;光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)在施K2O 229.5 g/株时最高。主成分分析结果表明,5种施钾水平中以沟施K2O 153 g/株对改善‘骏枣’果实品质和提高‘骏枣’叶片的光合效果最佳。综上,钾肥通过明显增加‘骏枣’叶片叶绿素含量,改善光合器官功能而提高果实品质,且沟施K2O 153 g/株效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potassium is an important quality element,in order to select the most suitable potassium content for the best jujube fruit quality,the 5-year-old Jun jujube trees were made as research materials,different amount of potash fertilizer was applied during flowering stage and fruit swelling period,and the leaf photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters and fruit quality were measured.The results showed that the effect of potash fertilizer concentration on the growth and fruit quality of Jun jujube was obvious.Within the range of potassium application of 0～153 g/plant,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),photochemical quantum efficiency(Fv/Fm),photochemical quenching coefficient(qP),electron transfer rate(ETR),starch content,vitamin C content,glucose content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,sugar-acid ratio,longitudinal and transverse diameter,and single fruit weight were all increased with the increase of potassium content,and reached the peak at the potassium content of 153 g/plant,but when potassium was applied as 153～306 g/plant,they showed a downward trend,but the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) and non-chemical quenching coefficient(qN) firstly decreased and then increased,and these two parameters had the lowest value at 153 g/plant potassium.The photochemical efficiency(PSII) was the highest at 229.5 g/plant potassium.The results of principal component analysis showed that among the five potassium application levels,the 153 g/plant K2 O was the best for improving fruit quality and leaf photosynthesis.In summary,potassium fertilizer improved fruit quality by increasing chlorophyll content in leaves and improving the function of photosynthetic organs of Jun jujube,and 153 g/plant K2 O by furrow application was the best.更多还原