【摘要】 为探究河南省畜禽养殖环境污染现状,利用排污系数法等方法估算了河南省畜禽养殖粪尿负荷量、耕地承载力和水体污染负荷指数等指标,分析并评价了不同地区畜禽养殖现状的合理性及对环境的污染状况,以期为河南省合理畜禽养殖提供理论依据。结果表明,(1)河南省2016年畜禽粪尿产生总量为13 101.5万t,以南阳市、驻马店市、周口市、商丘市和开封市产生量最大,其总和占全省总量的54.0%。从污染风险看,河南省平均负荷量为16.2 t·hm-2,警报值级别处于Ⅱ级,对环境稍构成污染威胁。(2)河南省可承载的猪当量为7 402.4万头猪当量,实际养殖已超载2 047.3万头猪当量。其中驻马店市、平顶山市、洛阳市、信阳市超载最严重,占超载总量的50.1%。(3)河南省水体的主要污染物为全氮(TN)和全磷(TP),而化学需氧量(COD)的等标排放量相对较少。全省平均扩散浓度达128.0 mg·L-1,属于严重污染。平均等标污染指数为12.2 mg·L-1,表现为对水环境有污染。对环境污染最严重的是开封市,污染指数达31.9 mg·L-1;对环境污染最小的是信阳市,污染指数为2.3 mg·L-1。(4)从污染负荷来看,开封市、平顶山市、漯河市的耕地承载负荷大,水体潜在污染严重,安阳市和信阳市的污染负荷较低。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the situation of environmental pollution of the current livestock industry and provide a theoretical basis for reasonable livestock and poultry breeding,discharge coefficient method was used to estimate the manure and urine load,carrying capacity of arable land and water pollution load index,and the rationality of livestock and poultry breeding status in different regions was analyzed and evaluated in Henan Province.The results show that(1)the total amount of livestock and poultry excrement in Henan Province in2016 was 131.015 million tons,five regions which include Nanyang City,Zhumadian City,Zhoukou City,Shangqiu City and KaifengCity have the largest amount and they accounted for 54.0% of the total province.From the perspective of pollution risk,the average load in Henan Province is 16.2 t·hm-2,and the alarm level is at level Ⅱ,which brings a bit of pollution threat to the environment.(2)The theoretically capacity of pigs equivalent in Henan Province are 74.024 million,and the actual breeding has overloaded by 20.473 million pig equivalents.Among them,Zhumadian City,Pingdingshan City,Luoyang City and Xinyang City have the most serious overloading,accounting for 50.1% of the total province overloading.(3)The main pollutants in water bodies in Henan Province are TN and TP,while the equivalent emission of COD is relatively low.The province’s average diffusion concentration is 128.0 mg·L-1,which has been to serious pollution.The average equivalent pollution index is 12.2 mg·L-1,which shows a little pollution to the water environment.The most serious environmental pollution locates in Kaifeng City,with a Pollution index of 31.9 mg·L-1.The least environmental pollution is in Xinyang City,with a pollution index of 2.3 mg·L-1.(4)Judging from the comprehensive pollution load of arable land and water bodies,Kaifeng City,Pingdingshan City and Luohe City have more serious potential pollution risk to the arable land and water bodies,Anyang and Xinyang have less environmental problems.更多还原