【摘要】 《民法总则》第153条第1款继往开来,引入目的保留条款,契合了扩大自治、放松管制的民事立法潮流。在判定违法合同的效力路径上,应认为第153条第1款摒弃了效力性强制性规定与管理性强制性规定的区分为代表的规范分析进路,而是采用了以规范目的为指引,综合各项利益关系认定合同效力的个案衡量进路。在具体操作上,法官应以比例原则为指引,审慎认定违法合同的效力,在此,对强制性规定以及违法行为的类型化整理仍可作为辅助手段,增强裁判的稳定性。在违法合同的效力判断中,须注意强制性规范的禁止对象,准确认定是负担行为还是处分行为无效。第153条第1款的但书规定在合同绝对无效与有效之间预留了一个弹性空间,在个案中,法官须根据规范目的,以必要性原则为指引,可以将违法合同灵活认定为相对无效、部分无效、非当然无效、向后的无效、不确定的无效等无效类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the evaluation of the illegal contract,the provisions of Article 153,paragraph 1 of the General Principles of Civil Law,fit the expansion of autonomy,deregulation trend of civil legislation. In order to determine the validity of the illegal contract,it should be based on the purpose of the specific mandatory provisions.And in specific cases,we need a comprehensive consideration of various interests and then determine whether the contract is invalid. In the specific operation,the proportion of principles can be guidelines,and through the type of method to increase the stability of the judgment. The provisions of Article 153,paragraph 1 provides for a flexible space between the absolute invalidity and validity of the contract,authorizing the judge to flexibly determine the validity of the illegal contract. In individual case,the judge shall,in accordance with the purpose of the normative principle,use the principle of necessity as a guide to determine whether the illegal contract is relatively ineffective,partially ineffective,unnaturally ineffective,backwardly ineffective,or uncertainly ineffective.更多还原