【摘要】 碳酸盐岩地层因裂缝和岩溶的发育 ,可成为优质储层 ,塔河 4号油田即为典型实例。根据裂缝分布模式、产状、规模、充填、连通、成因等因素 ,可将裂缝划分为不同类型。按裂缝切割关系、充填成分、充填期次、测井响应特征与构造应力场的不同可对裂缝进行期次划分。岩性、岩层厚度、断裂作用、构造应力场、局部构造、地层负荷与岩溶作用是控制裂缝发育的主要因素。古岩溶作用主要包括沉积岩溶、风化壳岩溶、缝洞系岩溶等几大类。古岩溶在演化过程中经历了同沉积期、风化壳期、埋藏期、后生变化期等。从形态上可将岩溶分为溶痕、溶穴、溶隙和洞穴 ,在垂向上可划分为地表岩溶带、渗流岩溶带和潜流岩溶带。气候、岩性、构造及水文、地貌等因素则控制着古岩溶的发育。缝洞系统的研究应包括 3个层次 ,即通过露头与岩芯来研究缝洞的产状、组系、发育、成因、充填及分布 ;通过钻录井、测井、地震、裂缝测井等资料来识别裂缝及分布、发育规律 ;通过地震、测井、构造应力场模拟等对缝洞进行预测。今后 ,缝洞系统的研究应以完善和提高已有的技术方法、加强新技术方法的应用、寻求更有效的理论与技术方法和各种方法的综合运用为重点和方向更多还原

【Abstract】 With well development of rift and karst,carbonate rock stratum might be a high quality of reservoir,Tahe No.4 oilfield is a typical example.The rift can be divided into various types on the basis of factors of its distribution pattern,occurrence,size,filling,connection and origin.stages division of the rift can be done according to various intersect relations of the rift,various filling compositions,filling stages,logging corresponding characteristics and different structural stress fields.Lithology,rock stratum thickness,fracture process,structural stress field,local structure,stratum load and karst process are all main controlling factors for the development of the rift.Palaeokarst process mainly consists of several types of sediment karst,weathered crust karst and karst of rift-cavity system etc.Paleaokarst had experienced periods of syndeposition,crust of weathering,burial and epigenetic variation in the course of evolution.Paleaokarst might be classified,paternally as karst trace,karst cave,karst pore and cave,vertically as surface karst belt,seepage flow karst belt and underflow karst belt.The development of paleaokast is controlled by several factors of climate,lithology,structure,hydrology and landform.The study of karst of rift-cavity system shall be divided into 3 stages:study karst of rift-cavity’ occurrence,organizational system,development,origin,filling and distribution by observing outcrops and rock cores.Distinguish regularity of rifts and their distribution and development by studying and interpreting data collected from well drilling,logging,seism and rifts logging etc.predicate karst of rift-cavity by seism,logging and simulation of structural stress fields.The study of karst of rift-cavity system shall be based on improving and perfecting available technical methods,enforcing application of new technical methods,stressing the importance and orientation of comprehensive application of various methods by seeking more effective theories and technical methods.更多还原