【摘要】 输油管道经常穿越特殊地段,管道有可能在洪水或地震等作用下产生悬空管段。悬空的管段在各种力的作用下可能会失效,严重时会出现断裂现象,给管道公司带来严重的损失。因此,有必要采取科学方法计算管道的应力,评估油气管道悬空管段的可靠性,制定措施,缓解事故后果的影响程度。在分析悬空管道受力模型和强度校核模型的基础上,计算并分析了某输油管道悬空管段的应力和可靠性,同时采用应力集中检测仪检测了该管段下游端50m内的管道应力变化情况。结果表明,此悬空管段存在运行风险,清空管内存油有助于降低管道失效概率。对于浮管,水浮力缓解了管道的垂直方向受力情况,但增加了管道横向冲击力,会增加悬空管道的振动频率。应力集中检测仪现场测试数据表明:越靠近土壤端,悬空管道的应力值越大,该悬空管段的最危险点应该处于土壤区内。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is inevitable that oil pipelines have to pass through some special areas where a certain fragment of pipelines may become suspended due to natural geological disasters,such as flood or earthquake.When this happens,the suspended part of pipelines may suffer from failure under the action of various forces and even break down in the extreme,which will bring a great loss to the state or pipeline companies besides an environmental pollution caused by oil leaking.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically compute the stress of pipelines,evaluate the reliability of suspended segments of pipelines,and make measures to remedy accidental consequences.On the basis of analyzing the mechanical model and intensity calibration model of suspended pipelines,the stress and reliability of a certain suspended segment were calculated and analyzed,and a stress concentration detection instrument was applied to inspect stress variations of the 50m lower course of this suspended segment.The results showed that the suspended segment had a risk for malfunction and clearing away the remaining oil from the suspended pipeline would reduce the invalidation probability of pipelines.As for a floating pipeline,the buoyancy of water would reduce a force coming from the vertical direction but increase an impact force given laterally that can elevate the oscillation frequency of a suspended pipeline.The on-site testing data of the stress concentration detection instrument showed that the closer to the buried pipeline,the greater the stress value of the suspended segment,thus,the most dangerous point of the suspended segment should be located at the immediately buried segment.更多还原