【摘要】 粮食作物规模经营主体不仅是化肥使用量大户,也是最具可能减少化肥使用量的主体。结合规模经营效应等经济学理论及相关现象,以安徽省11个县198户粮食作物生产规模经营主体的实地调研数据为基础,系统分析经营规模、是否参加农业合作社和土地流转期限对化肥使用量的影响和作用机理,在控制户主特征、家庭经营特征对农户的化肥使用量的影响后,建立线性回归模型检验研究结果表明:经营规模的扩大有助于减少化肥使用量;参加农业合作社的农户相较于分散农户倾向于使用较少数量的化肥;土地流转期限越长,越有助于减少化肥使用量;受教育程度越高的农户越倾向于减少化肥使用量;采用测土配方施肥技术对化肥使用量有显著的负向影响。对此,相关政府管理部门应规范农村土地流转行为,鼓励粮食作物适度规模经营,加快促进农民专业合作组织建设,并推广新型农业施肥技术,以期实现农业生产和环境保护协调发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The entity of scale management of grain crops is not only the large fertilizer user but also the management entity which is most likely to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used. Based on economics theories such as the scale management effect theory and related phenomena a systematic analysis of management scale, whether the entity of management has joined the agricultural cooperative, and the effect and action mechanism of the time limit for land transfer on the quantity of chemical fertilizer used is made based on fieldwork data from 198 scale management entities of grain crops production which come from eleven Anhui counties. After controlling the characteristics of farmer households and the effect of farmer households’ characteristics of scale management on the quantity of chemical fertilizer used, a linear regression model is constructed for test. The result of test shows that the expansion of business scale will help reduce the use of chemical fertilizer; farmer households participating in agricultural cooperatives tend to use less fertilizer than scattered ones; the longer the term of land circulation is, the less chemical fertilizer will be used; the more educated the farmer households are, the more inclined they are to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer; and the application of soil testing and formula fertilization has a significant negative impact on the amount of chemical fertilizer used. Government administrations should standardize rural land circulation, encourage suitable scale management of grain crops, and accelerate the construction of farmers’ professional cooperatives, and promote new technologies of chemical fertilizer use so as to achieve coordinated development of agricultural production and environmental protection.更多还原