【摘要】 基于潇河流域23个雨量站1971—2011年的逐月降水数据,对区域内降水的时空分布特征以及水资源农业利用进行了分析。结果表明,近41 a来潇河流域的年降水量具有明显的年际变化特点,最大年降雨量是最小年的2.40倍,平均值为(462.1±90.57)mm,变异系数为16.9%,降雨递减率为5.39 mm/10 a;夏季、汛期降雨量分别为(277.37±79.88),(399.15±107.77)mm,分别占年降雨量的60.0%和86.37%,降雨递减率分别为7.28,5.35 mm/10 a;春、秋和冬季降水量分别占年降水量的14.5%,21.67%和2.9%,春秋季降雨有递增趋势,冬季为递减趋势。年尺度上降水量突变出现在1979,1997年,季节尺度上春、冬季降水突变出现在1982,2000年,夏季、汛期和秋季降水没有突变出现。在年尺度上降水的空间分布呈中间少、南北区域较多的"哑铃"状;降水的变化率与降水的空间分布具有相似性,但东南地区多为增加区,西北为减少区。并提出了服务于农业生产的降水量季节、年际调节的主要措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on monthly precipitation dataset from 23 precipitation stations from 1971 to 2011 in Xiaohe river basin, the paper analyzed on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the precipitation as well as water use in the area. The results showed that an obvious seasonal and interannual variations in annual precipitation of Xiaohe river basin was observed in the past 41 years. The maximum annual precipitation was 2.4 times of the minimum during the period, with a mean of(462.1±90.57)mm and a CV of 16.9%,and a decrease of 5.39 mm/10 a. In the summer and during the flooding season the precipitation were(277.37 ±79.88),(399.15 ±107.77)mm, respectively, accounting for 60.0% and 86.37% of the annual mean precipitation, and showing a decrease trend of 7.28,5.35 mm/10 a. The precipitation in the spring, autumn and winter accounted for 14.5%, 21.67% and 2.9% of the annual mean precipitation, with a increase trend in spring, autumn, but decrease in winter. At annual scale, two abrupt changes in the precipitation occurred in 1979 and 1997, and at seasonal scale it did in 1982 and 2000 in the spring and winter precipitation, but no abrupt change of rainfall was found in summer, flood season and autumn. In the space distribution of the precipitation more ones located on the north and south and less one was in the middle part of the area, showing a dumbbell shape. It was very similar for the spatial distribution of the precipitation changing rate with that of the precipitation. Some measures of control seasonal and interannual variability for agricultural production were put forward.更多还原