【摘要】 线粒体自噬(mitophagy)是指特异清除受损或多余线粒体的过程,是一种重要的线粒体质量控制机制。线粒体自噬功能障碍或线粒体自噬过度激活都会破坏线粒体稳态,影响机体健康甚至导致死亡。主要讨论了在酵母和哺乳动物细胞中发现的正向调控线粒体自噬的机制:在酵母中,线粒体自噬是由自噬相关蛋白32(autophagy-related protein 32,Atg32)介导的;而哺乳动物体内线粒体自噬的调控途径主要有3种:PTEN诱导激酶1(PTEN-induced kinase 1,PINK1)/E3泛素连接酶Parkin途径、类NIP3蛋白X(NIP3-like protein X,Nix)途径、携带FUN14结构域蛋白1(FUN14 domain-containing protein 1,UNDC1)途径,此外,还有几种新发现的线粒体自噬受体也能够介导线粒体的特异清除。并对目前研究较少的线粒体自噬的负调控机制进行了综述。最后探讨了线粒体自噬功能异常与人类疾病(如帕金森症)的关联。通过深入剖析线粒体自噬发生的分子机制,以期为进一步研究与线粒体自噬功能异常相关的疾病的治疗提供理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mitophagy refers to the process of specifically removing damaged or redundant mitochondria, and it is an important mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Dysfunction or excessive activation of mitophagy will destroy mitochondrial homeostasis, affect body health and even lead to death. The mechanisms of positive regulation of mitophagy found in yeast and mammalian cells were mainly discussed. In yeast, mitophagy was mediated by autophagy-related protein 32(Atg32), while there were mainly three regulatory pathways of mitophagy in mammals: PTEN-induced kinase 1(PTEN-induced kinase 1, PINK1)/E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin pathway, NIP3-like protein X(NIP3-like protein X, Nix) pathway and FUN14 domain-containing protein 1(UNDC1) pathway. In addition, several newly discovered mitophagy receptors could also mediate mitochondrial specific clearance. Moreover, the mechanisms of negative regulation of mitophagy, which were seldom studied at present, were reviewed. Finally, the relationship between abnormal mitophagy and human diseases(such as Parkinson’s disease) was discussed. The molecular mechanism of the occurrence of mitophagy was in-depth analyzed in order to provide theoretical basis for further research on the treatment of diseases related to abnormal mitophagy.更多还原