【摘要】 Pb²⁺在低浓度下对人体的神经系统、血液系统等带来多重损伤,尤其对儿童的神经系统产生不可逆的神经损害,在自然环境中也可以通过生物链传递进入到人体,对人体健康造成影响,因此Pb²⁺的检测受到了人们的广泛关注。目前传统的Pb²⁺检测技术主要包括大型仪器法,化学反应比色法,电化学方法等,但仍然存在着操作复杂、成本高、检测时间长等弊端。近年来,人们发现了利用功能核酸对Pb²⁺进行检测具有简单、快速、灵敏、强特异性等优点,因此Pb²⁺功能核酸生物传感器受到越来越多的关注。首先介绍了Pb²⁺依赖型功能核酸的体外筛选方法及其结构性质;其次根据Pb²⁺功能核酸传感器的信号输出方式进行分类,包括比色生物传感器、荧光生物传感器、电化学生物传感器、纳米材料生物传感器及其他类型的生物传感器等。同时还对传感器之间的原理、灵敏度、特异性、适用领域等方面进行比较和优缺点的简单评价;最后对Pb²⁺功能核酸生物传感器的中存在的不足,以及未来的发展方向进行了展望,意在为今后研发更便携、更灵敏、更准确的Pb²⁺功能核酸生物传感器提供理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low concentration of Pb²⁺ can cause multiple damages to the nervous system and blood system of the human body,especiallythe damage to the nervous system of children is irreversible. In natural environment,Pb²⁺ can also pass into the human body through thebiologic chain and affect the health of the human body. Therefore,the detection of Pb²⁺ has attracted wide attention. At present,the traditionalmethods of detecting Pb²⁺ mainly include Large instrument method,chemical reaction colorimetric method,and electrochemical method;however,there are still disadvantages such as operation complex,cost high,and detection time long. In recent years,using functionalnucleic acid to detect Pb²⁺ shows the advantages of simple,rapid,sensitive,and high specialty;therefore,increasing attentions has beenpaid to Pb²⁺ biosensors based on functional nucleic acid. Firstly,the screening methods and structural properties of Pb²⁺-dependent functionalnucleic acids in vitro are introduced. Secondly,the sensors are classified according to the way of signal output in Pb²⁺ functional nucleicacid sensors,including colorimetric biosensor,fluorescent biosensor,electrochemical biosensor,nanomaterial biosensor,and other typeof biosensors. Concurrently,the principle,sensitivity,specificity and application fields of various sensors are compared,and then theiradvantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Finally,the shortcomings are analyzed and the future development direction of Pb²⁺ functionalnucleic acid biosensor is prospected,aiming at providing a theoretical basis for developing more portable,more sensitive,and more accuratePb²⁺ functional nucleic acid biosensors.更多还原