【摘要】 干旱半干旱区的地下水开发利用容易对原本脆弱的生态环境造成不利影响。内蒙古鄂尔多斯市浩勒报吉水源地属于半干旱区的地下水水源地。2009—2014年间,该水源地为满足工业供水需求开采地下水6.0×104～7.3×104m3/d,产生了负面的生态环境后果。为核查环境变化与地下水开采的确切关系,调查分析了2004—2016年气象条件、地下水开采历程、地下水位、湖泊面积和植被指数的变化特征,建立定量指标进行了地下水开采的环境影响判别。结果表明,在2008—2014年期间,距开采区中心10 km范围的地下水位普遍下降1 m以上,奎生淖和敖各窖淖2个湖泊的面积萎缩约30%,水源地的植被指数对气候条件变化的敏感性增强。该水源地以往论证得到的可开采量偏大,应考虑生态环境约束将开采规模控制在3×104m3/d以下。更多还原

【Abstract】 In arid and semiarid regions,utilization of groundwater is more apt to cause adverse impacts on a fragile ecosystem.The Halolebaoji groundwater wellfield is laocated in the semiarid region in Ordos in Inner Mongolia.From 2009 to 2014,the pumping rate of groundwater for industrial water demand is 6.0-7.3(×10~4) m~3/d,which resulted in negative ecological and environmental consequence.To inspect the actual relationship between the environmental changes and the groundwater pumping,the variation patterns of meteorological conditions,groundwater exploitation regime,water table,lakes area and vegetation index are investigated with specific quantitative indices to verify the influence of groundwater pumping on the environments.The results show that from 2009 to 2014,decrease in groundwater level is generally greater than 1 m in the area from the pumping center to the distance of 10 km,the sizes of the upstream lakes,Kuishengnao and Aogejiaonao,decreased in a degree of 30% and the climatic sensitivity of vegetation index at this site of the wellfield increased.The allowable withdrawal given in previous assessment is overestimated.It should be less than 3×10~4 m~3/d when considering the ecological and environmental restrictions.更多还原