【摘要】 甲烷是最重要的温室气体之一,其单分子温室效应是CO2的298倍。湿地是甲烷重要的排放源,也是氮素的源和汇。微生物参与湿地碳、氮转化的生物地球化学循环过程,湿地CH4是土壤淹水条件下微生物厌氧降解有机质而产生,微生物又可以通过反硝化型甲烷厌氧氧化过程(DAMO)降低湿地甲烷的排放,对缓解全球温室效应具有重要作用。本文系统介绍了DAMO过程机理、功能微生物Methylomirabilis oxyfera菌群特性、分布以及土壤DAMO过程的检测方法和DAMO过程的影响因素,并对未来更多的湿地DAMO微生物的发现,尤其是对稻田湿地DAMO过程的相关研究提出展望,以期推动该领域更深入的研究,为稻田湿地甲烷排放量的估算及制定合理的减排措施提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Methane is one of the most important greenhouse gases,whose greenhouse effect is298 times of CO2. Wetland is the most important source of methane emission and the source and sink of nitrogen. Microorganisms are involved in the carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in wetlands. CH4 is produced through anaerobic degradation of organic matter by microorganisms under anaerobic condition. CH4 emission can be reduced by microorganisms through denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation processes( DAMO) in wetlands,which plays an important role in alleviating global greenhouse effect. The mechanism of DAMO,characteristics and distribution of Methylomirabilis oxyfera,detection method and influencing factors of DAMO process are systematically introduced in this review. The discovery of more DAMO microorganisms and the study of DAMO process in paddy field are prospected in the future,to promote further research in this area and thus provide scientific basis for regulating CH4 emission from paddy field soils.更多还原