【摘要】 为研究稻草、鸡粪、牛粪和蚓粪对设施番茄长期连作(20年)土壤细菌群落结构的调节效果,应用高通量测序技术,对不同有机物料处理后的土壤细菌群落多样性和组成进行了研究,同时分析了土壤环境因子对微生物群落结构变化的贡献,为设施番茄生产的科学施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)蚓粪和鸡粪对提高土壤细菌多样性和丰富度均有显著效果;牛粪显著降低了细菌多样性和丰富度;(2)与对照相比,稻草、鸡粪、蚓粪和牛粪使土壤优势菌群变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度增加了36.40%～44.27%和25.80%～29.35%,并显著降低了酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)丰度;其中变形菌门和放线菌门丰度分别在稻草和蚓粪处理中最高,酸杆菌门在牛粪处理中最低。与化肥相比,施用有机物料不同程度地促进了土壤中有益菌属的生长,如鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和紫杆菌属(Porphyrobacter),同时也抑制了酸杆菌门细菌的生长,如Gp6、Gp16和Gp4;(3)与化肥相比,有机物料处理显著提高了土壤pH,同时降低了电导率,其中蚓粪处理pH值最高,电导率最低。Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤pH、电导率、铵态氮、全碳和有机质含量是影响土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度的主要环境因子。RDA分析表明,土壤铵态氮含量、电导率、pH和全碳含量对土壤细菌群落组成有重要作用。综上,蚓粪对番茄连作土壤细菌群落结构的调节效果优于其他有机物料,在设施番茄可持续生产中应引起更多关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the effects of rice straw,chicken manure compost,cow manure compost,and vermicompost on soil bacterial community structure with 20 years continuous tomato cropping. Meanwhile,soil chemical properties were measured to quantify their effects on the variation of bacterial community structure,to provide theoretical basis for scientific application of fertilizers in tomato cultivation in greenhouse.Results showed that:( 1) Both vermicompost and chicken manure compost showed significant positive effect on soil bacterial diversity and richness,while cow manure compost significantly decreased bacterial diversity and richness.( 2) Compared with control,organic amendments increased the relative abundance of dominant bacteria Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria by36.40%-44.27% and 25. 80%-29. 35%, respectively, but significantly decreased that of Acidobacteria. The highest relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were found in rice straw and vermicompost treatments,respectively,whereas the lowest relative abundance of Acidobacteria was found in cow manure compost treatment. Organic amendment applications promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria( such as Sphingomonas,Gemmatimonas,Bacillus,Streptomyces and Porphyrobacter) and suppressed pathogen bacteria( such as Gp6,Gp16 and Gp4).( 3) Compared with control,all the treatments significantly decreased soil pH,but significantly increased EC value. Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that Vermicompost soil NH4+content,EC,pH value,and total C content were the most dominant factors affecting bacterial community composition. In summary,our results indicated that vermicompost was better than other organic amendments in improving soil bacterial community structure. More attention should be paid on the use of vemicompost in sustainable production of tomato in greenhouse.更多还原