【摘要】 修建补水设施是提高鱼道过鱼效果的有效措施之一,不同补水形式如何改变鱼的游泳行为策略从而吸引其进入鱼道进口是国内外关注热点。本研究基于鱼道进口概化模型,以齐口裂腹鱼（Schizothorax prenanti）为研究对象,采用进口内部侧面补水、旁道补水和旁道顶部补水3种形式,探究不同流量和补水距离下补水方式对鱼道进口附近处目标鱼上溯行为的影响。结果表明:与没有补水的工况相比,补水距离为1 m的旁道补水和补水距离为0.65 m的旁道顶部补水,鱼类在鱼道进口通过次数显著提升（P<0.05）。通过提取目标鱼成功上溯路径上对应的水流速度场和紊动场发现,齐口裂腹鱼上溯偏好流速0.6～0.8m·s^-1,优先选择低紊动区(0.01 m²·s^-2),且明显逃离高紊动区(>0.04 m²·s^-2)进行上溯。本研究验证了紊动能和流速是影响鱼类上溯的重要水力因子,为鱼道进口补水设计及其优化提供了重要参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction of water supply facility is one of the effective ways to improve the fishway efficiency.How different forms of water supply change the swimming strategy of fish and attract them to enter the fishway entrance is a hot topic.In this study,the migration behavior of Schizothorax prenanti was examined under three water supply conditions with different distances and discharges by designing a generalized model of a fishway entrance.The results showed that compared with the condition without water supply,fish passage rate was significantly improved（P<0.05） under the water supply by bypass channel with a horizontal distance of 1 m to the fishway entrance and another bypass channel in which the water flowed down from top with a horizontal distance of 0.65 m to the fishway entrance.By extracting the corresponding velocity field and turbulence field on the path of the successfully traced fish,the preferred flow velocity area of Schizothorax prenanti was from 0.6 to 0.8 m·s^-1 and they would escape from the high turbulence(greater than 0.04 m²·s^-2).The low turbulence area(0.01 m²·s^-2) was preferentially selected by fish for going upstream.This study verifies that the turbulent kinetic energy and velocity are important hydraulic factors affecting fish migration and provides reference for design and optimization of fishway entrance supply water.更多还原