【摘要】 为了解硝化抑制剂在麦季的施用效果,采用田间裂区试验设计,主区设施硝化抑制剂（3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,DMPP）和对照2水平;副区设5个施氮量水平(0、210、240、270、300 kg·hm^-2),研究硝化抑制剂对扬麦16产量形成和氮素吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明:施用硝化抑制剂,施氮量为240 kg·hm^-2处理小麦产量最高,达到7260 kg·hm^-2,主要是因为小麦单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重均表现为较高;施氮量为240 kg·hm^-2处理,配合施用硝化抑制剂小麦生物产量也表现为最高;硝化抑制剂对小麦经济系数的影响不大;施用硝化抑制剂能够有效提高麦田土壤速效氮含量,加大氮肥投入量后,硝化抑制剂对麦田土壤速效氮素含量的增加幅度下降;施用硝化抑制剂能够显著提高小麦植株氮素累积量,却明显降低了小麦氮素籽粒生产效率;在较低施氮量(210和240 kg·hm^-2)处理下,施用硝化抑制剂能够获得相对较高的小麦氮素利用效率,其中,小麦氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别平均为16.1 kg·kg^-1、69.9%、23.1kg·kg^-1和31.4 kg·kg^-1;在施用硝化抑制剂条件下,麦季氮肥投入量为240 kg·hm^-2时,能够保证小麦产量,并提高氮肥利用效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the effects of nitrification inhibitor along with nitrogen fertilizer application in the growing season of wheat,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the wheat yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency using two-factor split-plot design. There were five levels of nitrogen fertilizer applications( 0,210,240,270,300 kg·hm^-2). The wheat cultivar of Yangmai 16 was field-grown. The results showed that the wheat yield was the highest under 240kg·hm^-2of nitrogen fertilizer application accompanied by nitrification inhibitor,reaching 7260kg·hm^-2due to higher panicle number per unit area,grain number per panicle,and 1000-grain weight. The wheat biomass yield was the highest under 240 kg·hm^-2of nitrogen fertilizer application together with nitrification inhibitor. Nitrification inhibitor had no significant effect on economic coefficient of wheat. Nitrification inhibitor effectively increased soil available nitrogen concentration and decreased the magnitude of such enhancement with the increases of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrification inhibitor significantly improved nitrogen accumulation in wheat plant,but decreased nitrogen use efficiency for wheat grain yield. Combined with nitrification inhibitor application,the lower nitrogen fertilizer application such as 210 and 240 kg · hm^-2treatments increased wheat agronomic efficiency,average recovery efficiency,physiological efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 16.1 kg·kg^-1,69.9%,23.1 kg·kg^-1and 31.4kg·kg^-1,respectively. In conclusion,application of nitrification inhibitor plus 240 kg·hm^-2of nitrogen fertilizer could ensure high wheat yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency.更多还原