【摘要】 人工草地是缓解天然草地退化和提升草地生产力的一种有效途径,但人工草地建设发展需注重区域布局、种植区划、经营管理等战略问题,尤其是在高寒牧区建立人工草地,目前还存在诸多值得探讨的科学问题。为此,选取藏北高原高寒牧区为研究区,基于遥感数据,土壤数据,气象数据,地形和土地利用数据,结合野外实地调查,从可利用土地资源角度考虑,通过分析藏北现有人工草地建设的立地条件,识别出区域适宜人工草地建设的潜在分布区,并与现有人工草地分布位置及其面积进行对比分析和验证,以期为区域未来人工草地建设布局提供科学指导。研究结果表明:在各种约束因子的限制下,藏北满足人工草地建设条件的适宜区域极其有限,难以发展大面积的人工草地建设工程。水热条件和海拔是限制区域人工草地建设的主要地理因素,尤其是那曲地区,绝大部分区域无法满足人工牧草生长活动的积温需求。因此,区域牧草种植规划中需重点考虑牧草品种的生物学特性。另一方面,在藏北高寒牧区建立人工草地必须慎重,今后人工草地种植规划还需要加强牧草的抗寒性和抗旱性研究,在人工草地的管理方面要特别关注已建人工草地的可持续性和稳定性,防止出现草地退化和沙化等问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sown pasture development is an effective means to relieve rangeland degradation and improve grassland productivity. However, sown pasture development requires effective planning, planting, and management. Particularly, there are still many scientific questions and challenges in the sown pasture development of the alpine rangeland on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, based on field investigations of current sown pasture distribution, in combination with analyses of climate, soil, topography, land use and remote sensing data, we analyzed the site conditions of sown pasture planning and identified potential areas suitable for sown pasture development in the northern Tibetan Plateau. We compared the distribution location and area of potential sown pasture with the existing one to provide scientific insight into future sown pasture planning in the region. The results showed that the suitable area for sown pasture development is very limited, with an area about 15333 hm~2 in Ngari Prefecture on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Altitude and hydrothermal conditions are the main factors restricting the construction of sown pasture in the region. Especially, in Nagqu Prefecture, most areas cannot meet the demand of accumulated temperature for forage growth activities. Therefore, the biological characteristics of forage varieties should be taken into account in regional sown pasture planning in the future. We concluded that caution should be taken into developing sown pasture in the alpine rangeland above an average altitude of 4500 m. Further study on the cold and drought resistance of forage varieties should also be strengthened. For effective management, the sustainability and stability of sown pasture should be considered to prevent rangeland degradation and desertification.更多还原