【摘要】 能源作为城市生产与生活中不可替代的资源类型,在城市化发展过程具有至关重要的作用。工业革命时代的结束,信息时代的开始,标志着以化石燃料为主要原料的发展方式发生转变,能源生产结构随着化石燃料比重下降而优化。城市群成为当前城市化的主体形态,其发展战略对区域能源结构具有重要影响。以京津冀城市群为例,从地级市尺度核算了2001—2015年不同城市能源生产结构的特征及其变化,并分析了城市群能源协同发展战略对不同城市能源生产结构的影响。主要结论包括:(1)2001—2015年京津冀各城市能源生产结构整体上趋于优化,但能源生产化石燃料占主导地位的本质特点没有改变。例如,河北的邯郸和邢台市增加了一次电力生产,但原煤生产仍占比90%以上。(2)研究根据能源生产的主导类型,可将京津冀城市划分为两类,即原煤主导型与原油主导型城市。其中,原煤主导型城市能源生产结构的调整明显优于原油主导型城市,例如,北京、石家庄、张家口与承德等原煤主导型城市的煤炭生产比重显著下降,而天津与沧州市等原油主导型城市的原油生产无明显下降趋势。(3)京津冀能源协同发展战略的实施有助于推进能源生产结构的优化,但对不同城市的影响不同,其中,对北京和河北承德市能源生产结构优化最显著,2001—2015年原煤生产比例下降了近40%,与协同发展战略的"基本无煤矿"目标方向一致,而对邯郸市、邢台市影响不明显。京津冀城市群能源生产结构调整仍具有较大潜力,对于原煤生产比例最高的城市(邯郸和邢台市),需要加快城市的能源生产转型,增加清洁能源产出,改善能源生产单一的结构特点;对于原煤生产产量较高的城市(唐山市),需要根据资源禀赋情况逐步调整原煤产量,进一步集约地区煤矿,同时鼓励发展煤炭洗选业,提高煤炭清洁生产技术;对于具有"无煤矿化"目标的高煤产城市(承德市和张家口市),需加快淘汰落后产能,同时依托京津冀能源协同发展战略,充分利用自身自然风力优势和区位优势,大力发展新能源。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an indispensable resource in urban producing and living activities, energy has played a major role in supporting the development of urbanization. With the end of the industrial revolution and the beginning of the information age, the mode of using fossil fuels as the main raw materials for development began to change, so the energy production structure was optimized with a decreasing proportion of fossil fuels.Urban agglomeration has become the main form on urbanization, and its development strategy has an important impact on regional energy structure adjustment. Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) as an example, the characteristics of and changes in the energy production structures of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei at the municipal level from 2001 to 2015 were calculated, and the influences of synergistic development strategies on the energy production structures of cities were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The overall energy production structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities was optimized from 2001 to 2015, but the characteristics of fossil fuels essentially did not changed. For example, primary power has been added in the energy production in Handan and Xingtai City of Hebei Province, but raw coal production still accounted for more than 90% in both cities.(2) According to the prevailing types of energy production, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities could be divided into two types, coal-dominated cities and oil-dominated cities. The adjustment of the energy production structure in coal-dominated cities was obviously more effective than the oil-dominated. For example, the proportion of coal production had dropped significantly in coal-dominated cities such as Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Zhangjiakou and Chengde, whereas the crude oil production in Tianjin and Cangzhou had no obvious downward trend.(3) The implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei energy coordinated-development strategy was proved to be effective for the optimization of the energy production structure, but the impact was different in different cities. Among them, the energy structure optimization was the most significant for Beijing and Chengde City of Hebei Province, whose proportion of raw coal production decreased by nearly 40% in 2001—2015, and it was consistent with the development goal of "basically no coal mine" of the coordinated development strategy. However, the impact on Handan and Xingtai was not obvious. The adjustment of the energy production structure still has great potential to improve in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. For the cities with the highest proportion of raw coal production(Handan and Xingtai), which are also traditional resource cities with backward energy production structure, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation to enhance the cleanliness and enrich the diversity of energy production. For cities with high production of raw coal(Tangshan City), it would be wise to adjust their raw coal production gradually according to their resource endowment situation, intensify the coal mines distribution, and encourage the coal washing industry and clean coal production technology. For high production cities with the goal of no coal mining(Chengde and Zhangjiakou), further efforts are needed in eliminating backward production capacity, employing their own wind resource advantages and location advantages, and extending new energy vigorously based on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei energy co-development strategy.更多还原