【摘要】 十九大报告明确提出,健全河流湖泊休养生息制度,建立多元化的生态补偿机制,而准确核算流域生态服务价值供给的补偿标准是建立科学的流域生态补偿机制的关键要素。对于补偿标准的核算,鲜有学者从公平的视角出发,考虑补偿标准应在生态服务价值供给的基础上剔除本地区的自身消费。首先对流域生态服务供给方的供给行为与流域生态补偿标准的评估依据进行理论探讨,提出流域生态补偿标准应以生态环境价值为依据,对生态保护行为的生态外溢环境价值进行补偿;其次,在理论分析的基础上以渭河流域为例,构建当量因子模型测算渭河上游2006—2015年供给的生态服务价值,并结合水足迹法测算并剔除2006—2015年渭河上游自身消费的生态服务价值;最后,测得渭河上游应获得的补偿标准由2006年的12.82亿元上升至2015年的44.09亿元,总体呈增长趋势,说明上游为保护流域生态环境不断付出努力,不断增加对下游的剩余生态服务价值供给。更多还原

【Abstract】 The report of the 19 th National Congress clearly states that we should improve the system of recuperation of rivers and lakes,and establish a diversified ecological compensation mechanism. The determination of watershed ecological compensation standards is a key element in establishing a scientific watershed ecological compensation mechanism. For the calculation,few scholars consider that the compensation standards should eliminate the consumption of the region based on the ecological service supply from a fair perspective. Firstly,the article makes an assessment on the basis of the supply behavior of the watershed ecological service providers and the ecological compensation standard of watershed,proposing that the watershed ecological compensation standard should be based on the ecological environment value,and compensating for the ecological spillover environmental value of ecological protection behavior. Secondly,taking Weihe watershed as an example,based on the theoretical analysis,the ecosystem service value supply from 2006 to 2015 in the Weihe upstream was calculated by using equivalent factor method,and the water footprint method was used to calculate and remove the ecosystem service value from 2006 to 2015,which the upper Weihe have consumed. Finally,the compensation standard thatWeihe upstream should obtain,increased from 1.282 billion yuan in 2006 to 4.409 billion yuan in 2015; thus,showing an overall growth trend,indicating that the upstream has continuously made efforts to protect the watershed ecological environment,and continuously increasing the remaining ecological service value supply for the downstream.更多还原