【摘要】 [目的]研究怒江流域中上游蒸散发的空间分布特征,为流域水资源合理开发及生态保护提供支撑。[方法]利用气象站点实测降水资料,验证TRMM(tropical rainfall measuring mission)3B43产品在怒江流域中上游的精度,进而对MODIS(moderate-resolution imagine spectroradiometer)全球陆地蒸散发产品(MOD16)在该流域的适用性进行检验。在此基础上,探讨该流域蒸散发及产水量的空间分布特征。[结果]①TRMM3B43数据与站点实测月降水量相关系数R为0.86,在怒江流域中上游使用具有较好精度,MOD16蒸散发量相对偏大,但仍具有一定的适用性;②研究区多年平均蒸散发量为489.4 mm,蒸散发主要集中在300～800 mm;③降水量与蒸散发量的差值(P-E)与降水量(P)的空间分布格局相似,(P-E)/P在无植被地区较大(为0.33),在植被覆盖区相对较小。[结论]研究区多年平均蒸散发量空间分布差异较大,沿河流呈现出低—高—低—高的变化规律;MOD16产品具有覆盖范围广,时空上连续等特点,能够为缺资料地区蒸散发的相关研究提供相对可靠的数据支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The spatial distribution characteristics were studied in order for rational utilization of water resources utilization and ecological protection in the middle and upper Nujiang River Basin. [Methods] Making use of observations from meteorological stations, the performance of TRMM(tropical rainfall measuring mission) 3 B43 product in the middle and upper Nujiang River Basin was verified, and then the applicability of MOD16(moderate-resolution imagine spectroradiometer) products were further examined. The spatial distribution characteristics of evapotranspiration and water yield were analyzed.[Results] ① At monthly scale, the correlation coefficient between TRMM 3 B43 estimates and rain gauge observations was 0.86, indicating TRMM 3 B43 data had good accuracy in the middle and upper Nujiang River Basin. The evapotranspiration obtained from MOD16 data was higher, but still had applicability. ② The mean annual evapotranspiration in the study area mainly ranged from 300 to 800 mm, and the regional mean value was 489.4 mm. ③ The spatial distribution of(P-E) was similar to that of P, while(P-E)/P(0.33) in barren areas and smaller in vegetation-covered areas. [Conclusion] The spatial distribution of evapotranspiration was heterogeneous, showing a low-high-low-high variation along the river. With widespread coverage and continuous observation, MOD16 products could provide reliable support for evapotranspiration research in lack-data watershed.更多还原