【摘要】 菜子湖位于"东亚-澳大利西亚"候鸟迁徙路线上,为越冬水鸟提供重要的栖息地。"引江济淮"工程拟通过菜子湖调引长江水,向巢湖和淮河输送水资源。工程实施后,菜子湖冬季水位将明显抬升,改变原有自然节律,导致湿地景观格局发生重大变化,可能对在此越冬的水鸟产生重要影响。结合遥感影像、水位季节动态及野外水鸟调查,分析不同水位时各类湿地景观斑块的分布及面积,预测工程实施后湖泊水位变化对越冬水鸟栖息地的影响。2016年和2017年两次同步调查共记录到水鸟49450只,隶属于6目12科42种。菜子湖水位和湿地景观格局具有明显的季节动态, 10月份水位开始下降,暴露多种湿地景观斑块,泥滩和草滩面积随水位下降而增加,为多种越冬水鸟提供觅食地。泥滩和草滩的分布具有空间异质性,越冬水鸟的空间分布与此相适应。"引江济淮"工程实施后,菜子湖冬季水位较高,导致大量泥滩和草滩不能暴露,越冬水鸟栖息地丧失严重,如东方白鹳(Ciconiaboyciana)(EN)、白鹤(Grusleucogeranus)(CR)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)(UV)和鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)(UV)等濒危物种。为降低工程对越冬水鸟栖息地的影响,建议工程实施后菜子湖越冬期水位应不超过11.5米。更多还原

【Abstract】 Caizi Lake is located on the "East Asia-Australasia" migratory route, providing important habitats for wintering waterbirds. According to the water transfer project from Yangtze River to Huai River, water in Yangtze River will be transferred to Chao Lake and Huai River via Caizi Lake. The project will ultimately increase the water level in Caizi in winter, changing the seasonal water level fluctuations. The resulting changes in wetland landscape pattern may have great effects on the wintering waterbirds in the lake. To predict the potential effects of the project on wintering waterbirds in Caizi Lake, we quantified the relationship between habitat areas for wintering waterbirds and water level using remote sensed images, water data and waterbirds surveys. A total of 49 450 waterbirds, belonging to 42 species and 12 families, were recorded during the two surveys in 2016 and 2017. There were obviously seasonal fluctuations in water level and thus wetland landscape pattern in the lake.From October of each year, water begins to recede, exposing various wetland patches and providing foraging grounds for a large array of waterbird species. The distribution of mudflats and grassland is spatially heterogeneous, resulting in the spatial distribution pattern of the wintering waterbirds. After accomplishment of the project, the water level in winter will be high and the large areas of mudflats and grassland would not be exposed to provide habitats for the waterbirds, especially for endangered species on The IUCN Red List, e.g. Ciconia boyciana(EN), Grus leucogeranus(CR), Grus monacha(UV) and Anser cygnoides(UV). To reduce the negative effects of the project on the wintering waterbirds in Caizi Lake, we suggest that the water level in winter should not be higher than 11.5 m during the operation of the project.更多还原