【摘要】 秸秆还田可以有效改善土壤理化性能,解决秸秆焚烧引起的大气污染问题,长期推广将给社会带来更多的福利而表现出显著的正外部性。文章剖析秸秆还田外溢效益产生的经济根源,重建秸秆还田技术外溢效益价值,从国际社会普遍采用的生态能值分析方法、成本—收益分析方法、层次分析方法和意愿价值评估方法四个方面,全面梳理并分析各类方法应用于生态价值评估的研究进展,认为现有评估方法的研究视角具有一定局限性,研究方法之间缺少有机的融合,导致评估结果的准确性受到质疑。最后提出应尽快建立多视域、多方法结合的评估方法体系,并逐步完善技术价值评估研究的反馈机制、动力引导机制及社会扶持机制,使研究能够为决策提供更有力的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Returning the straw to the field can effectively improve the soil’s physical and chemical properties and solve air pollution problems caused by burning straw.Improved social welfare can be achieved through its long term popularization,and it thus shows significant positive externality.This article analyzes the economic roots that generate the spillover effect in straw-returning technology,and reconstructs the spillover effect value for straw returning technology.It comprehensively sorts through and analyzes the progress made in studies using the ecological energy analysis method,the cost-profit analysis method,and the analytic hierarchy process and contingent valuation method,which have all been used internationally for the evaluation of ecological value.The article finds the existing evaluation methods to be limited in their study perspective,and to suffer from insufficient organic combination,rendering the accuracy of their evaluation results questionable.The article proposes to construct an evaluation method system which as quickly as possible integrates multiple perspectives and methods,while step by step perfects the feedback mechanism,power guidance mechanism and social support mechanism used in the evaluation study of this technical value,thus enables the study to provide more effective suggestions for decision making.更多还原