【摘要】 自毒作用是一种发生在种内的生长抑制作用,尤其是植物残体与病原微生物的代谢产物对植物有致毒作用,并连同植物根系分泌的自毒物质一起影响植株代谢,最后导致自毒作用的发生。酚酸类化合物是多种农作物根系土壤中常见的自毒物质,由其导致的自毒作用日益制约现代农业增产增收。利用微生物降解自毒物质成为防治自毒作用的研究热点之一。然而,要达到实践应用的目标,阐明微生物降解转化酚酸类物质的规律与机制是重要前提。本文总结了近年来微生物降解酚酸类化合物的已有研究成果,发现目前已积累了多种具有降解效能的微生物资源;在微生物的作用下,酚酸类化合物常发生脱羧、氧化和羟基化等生化反应,进而转变成小分子含苯环有机化合物或者彻底矿化,不同微生物对酚酸类物质的代谢转化程度差异较大。在此基础上,本文分析提出该领域研究还需进一步挖掘新型具有高效降解性能的微生物资源、阐明微生物降解转化酚酸类化合物的选择性和环境安全性等基础科学问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Autotoxicity refers to the phenomenon of plant growth inhibition caused by the chemicals from plant residues,metabolites of pathogenic microorganisms,and root exudates. The most common autotoxic compounds are phenolic acids. The autotoxicity is one of the major factors restricting the development of modern agriculture. Therefore,bio-degradation of autotoxins through the action of microorganisms is a hot topic in recent years. However,in order to achieve the goal of practical application,it is necessary to clarify the mechanism and regularity of microbial transformation of phenolic acids. This paper summarized many previous studies and found that there have been lots of microorganisms that possessed the ability of degading the phenolic acids,in which case,biochemical reactions such as decarboxylation,oxidation and hydroxylation occurred during the process of degradation. As a result of degradation,phenolic acids were converted into small molecules containing benzene ring or completely mineralized.The degree of metabolic transformation of phenolic acids could be totally different caused by different microorganisms. On this basis,new microbial strains capable of degadation of phenolic acids should be further exploited,and the issues such as degradation selectivity and environmental risks should also be expounded in the future.更多还原