【摘要】 土壤肥力是反映土壤各方面性质的综合指标,且与地貌、土壤母质等因子密切相关。为了解岩溶断陷盆地表层土壤养分状况,探索地貌和土壤母质对土壤肥力质量的影响,以典型岩溶断陷盆地——云南小江流域为研究对象,运用ArcGIS技术,综合统计学和地统计的方法研究了土壤肥力的空间分布状况,并且综合评价了土壤质量。结果表明:小江流域土壤养分较为丰富,土壤养分空间分布存在明显的异质性;不同地貌类型间土壤养分含量无显著差异,不同土壤类型间土壤养分差异较为显著。方差分析结果显示:土壤类型对土壤养分的影响强于地貌类型,二者的交互作用只对速效钾(p<0.05)和pH值(p<0.01)有显著影响。主成分分析表明,不同地貌类型间土壤综合肥力:台地槽谷区>平坝区>峰丛洼地>中山区>岩溶河谷,不同土壤类型间土壤综合肥力:石灰土>水稻土>红壤>紫色土,不同地貌类型和土壤类型间土壤综合肥力差异显著。不同地貌和土壤母质影响着土壤的肥力质量,必须结合土壤的性质和相应环境条件,采取合理、有效的措施,改善土壤结构,提高土壤质量,为提升作物产量打好基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil fertility is recognized as a comprehensive indicator reflecting soil properties, and is closely related to landform and soil parent material. This article regarded Xiaojiang Basin, Yunnan Province, which is a typical karst faulted basin, as study area to explore the nutrient status of surface soil in karst faulted basin and the influence of landform and soil parent material on it. Distribution of surface soil nutrients of cultivated lands and comprehensive evaluation of soil quality were investigated by using ArcGIS technology, statistical and geostatistical methods. The soil nutrients were abundant, and spatial heterogeneity of those was obvious. The difference in soil nutrient among landform types was not significant, while it among different soil types was significant. Variance analysis showed that soil types had stronger effect on soil fertility than landforms, and the interaction between the soil type and landform had significant effects on AK(p<0.05) and pH value(p<0.01). The comprehensive soil fertility among different landforms decreased in the order: karst platform and valley region>deposition plain region>peak cluster-depression region>karst mountain region>karst canyon region, and it among soil types decreased in the order: lime soil>paddy soil>red soil>purple soil. Landforms and soil parent material affect the soil fertility seriously, which means that it is necessary to take reasonable and effective measures to improve soil structure and soil quality depending on soil properties and corresponding environmental conditions.更多还原