【摘要】 施肥是提高茶树根际土壤质量及促进土壤肥力提高重要的农业措施之一。为了筛选出合理的施肥模式,采用连续3年的田间定位试验方法,研究了不施肥(CK)、全量化肥(NPK)、半量化肥+半量有机肥(NPKO)、全量有机肥(O)、全量化肥+豆科绿肥(NPKL)和半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥(NPKOL)6种不同施肥模式对茶树根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)不同施肥模式显著提高了土壤含水量和电导率,基本表现为NPKOL>NPKL>O>NPKO>NPK>CK,其中以NPKOL施肥模式提高最为显著,而施肥模式降低了土壤容重和总孔隙度。(2)与对照(不施肥)相比,其他几种不同施肥模式提高了茶园土壤的基本肥力状况(有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、有效氮和有效钾),对全磷影响并不显著。(3)不同施肥模式细菌数目、真菌数目、放线菌数目和微生物总数目均有显著的影响:与对照(不施肥)模式相比,其他几种不同施肥模式均可在一定程度上提高茶树根际土壤细菌数目、真菌数目、放线菌数目和微生物总数目,O处理下土壤细菌数目、真菌数目、放线菌数目和微生物总数目与对照差异不显著(p>0.05),其余施肥模式下均显著高于对照(p<0.05)。(4)不同施肥模式增加了茶树根际土壤微生物量碳、氮和土壤酶活性。综合分析表明:NPKOL施肥模式的茶树根际产量和茶树根际营养物质累积量最大,这进一步佐证了此培肥模式能促进茶产量,值得在茶园施肥上进一步推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fertilization is an important agricultural measure that improves not only yield and quality, but also soil quality of tea plantation. Thus, a 3-year field orientation experiment was conducted with 6 fertilization regimes CK(control treatment), NPK(inorganic fertilizer), O(organic manure), NPKO(half inorganic fertilizer + half organic manure), NPKL( inorganic fertilizer + leguminous green manure), NPKOL( half inorganic fertilizer + half organic manure + leguminous green manure) to study the effect of fertilization regime on the soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity in rhizosphere of tea. The study was designed to facilitate the selection of reasonable fertilization models. The results showed that:(1) the fertilization regimes increased soil moisture content and conductivity; moreover, these two parameters were the highest in the regime of NPKOL, which decreased in the order: NPKOL>NPKL>O>NPKO>NPK>CK;(2) compared with the control treatment(CK), soil fertility significantly increased(p<0.05), while soil total phosphorus did not significantly increase(p>0.05);(3) the fertilization regimes increased the number of bacteria, number of fungi, number of actinomyces and total number of microorganisms, which decreased in the order: NPKOL>NPKL>O>NPKO>NPK>CK;(4) the fertilization regimes increased soil enzyme activity, which decreased in the order: NPKOL>NPKL>O>NPKO>NPK>CK. It was therefore beneficial to adopt the fertilization regime of half tea formula fertilizer plus half organic fertilizer with legume green manure regime in tea production.更多还原