【摘要】 为探讨连续种植绿肥对土壤团聚体的影响,以箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)、肥田萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)、蓝花苕子(Vicia cracca L.)、毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa Roth)为研究对象,分析了连续种植不同绿肥作物下的土壤团聚体组成、稳定性及可蚀性特征。结果表明:连续种植绿肥能够提高不同粒径土壤机械稳定性、水稳性团聚体含量,肥田萝卜主要提高>2 mm粒径的机械稳定性团聚体含量、>5 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体含量,毛叶苕子、蓝花苕子主要提高0.25～2 mm粒径的机械稳定性团聚体含量,蓝花苕子主要提高了0.25～5 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体含量。并且,连续种植绿肥有利于形成土壤水稳性大团聚体(>0.25 mm),>5 mm粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体的增加对土壤水稳性大团聚体积累的影响较为突出,其中,毛叶苕子的土壤水稳性大团聚体含量最高。另外,连续种植肥田萝卜、毛叶苕子有利于土壤平均重量直径和几何平均直径的提升。同时,连续种植绿肥较清耕显著降低了土壤团聚体破坏率29%～38.17%,土壤团聚体破坏率表现为毛叶苕子<肥田萝卜<蓝花苕子<箭筈豌豆。除此之外,连续种植绿肥对土壤可侵蚀因子(K)产生了一定的影响,肥田萝卜<毛叶苕子<箭筈豌豆<蓝花苕子,虽然土壤可侵蚀因子(K)与绿肥作物品种间的规律不显著,但是其与土壤团聚体的关系很密切,土壤水稳性大团聚体含量越高,土壤平均重量直径、几何平均直径越大,可蚀性K值越低,团聚体破坏率越低,土壤结构的稳定性、抗侵蚀性越好。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of continuous planting green manure on soil aggregate, five treatments including clean tillage, Vicia sativa L., Raphanus sativus L., Vicia cracca L., Vicia villosa Roth were chosen in this study. And the constituent, stability and erodibility under continuous planting green manure cultivation were examined. The results showed that the contents of mechanical-stable and water stable aggregate increased under green manure cultivation. The contents of >2 mm mechanical stable aggregate and >5 mm water stable aggregate were improved in Vicia sativus L. field. The contents of 0.25～2 mm mechanical-stable aggregate were improved in fields of Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia cracca L.. The contents of 0.25～5 mm water-stable aggregate were improved in field of Vicia cracca L.. Continuous planting cultivation of green manure was beneficial to the formation of water stable macroaggregate(>0.25 mm) and the increase of the contents of >5 mm soil water-stable aggregates, and has a prominent influence on the accumulation of big water-stable aggregates. The percentage of water-stable macroaggregate under the treatment of Vicia villosa Roth was highest. Raphanus sativus L. and Vicia villosa Roth were conducive to the promotion of mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregate. Moreover, the percentage of aggregate destruction under green manure cultivation significantly decreased by 29%～38.17%. The percentage of aggregate destruction increased in the order: Vicia villosa Roth<Raphanus sativus L.<Vicia cracca L.<Vicia sativa L. The soil erodibility factor K under green manure cultivation has a certain influence and it shows that Raphanus sativus L.<Vicia villosa Roth<Vicia sativa L.<Vicia cracca L. Although the relation between soil erodibility factor K and green manure crop varieties was not significant, the relationship between soil erodibility factor K and soil aggregates was very close. The higher the water stable macroaggregate content was, the greater the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter was, the lower soil erodibility factor K and the percentage of aggregate destruction were, the better stability of the soil structure and erosion resistance were.更多还原