【摘要】 喀斯特峰丛坡地的水土过程基础研究相对短缺,阻碍了相关土壤水文机理认识和适合该区模型的构建。为探明峰丛坡地上土壤入渗性能及变化过程,提出适合峰丛坡地的土壤入渗模型,通过室内一维垂直入渗试验,研究了峰丛坡地上不同土地利用方式土壤的初渗率、稳渗率及平均入渗率,并利用Horton,Philip,Kostiakov及经验通用模型拟合其入渗过程并进行评价。结果表明:(1)峰丛坡地上灌木林地的土壤砂粒含量约占50%以上,土壤渗透性能较强,而梯田旱地黏粒含量较高、有机质含量低,土壤渗透性能较差。(2)不同土地利用土壤前期入渗率均较高,为1.33～3.17cm/min,随后入渗速率急剧下降82.2%～96.2%,在20min左右达到稳定入渗率。灌木林地的前期入渗率下降幅度最大,而裸石地和梯田旱地相对缓慢。(3)Horton模型适宜于描述喀斯特峰丛坡地的土壤入渗过程,Horton模型的初始入渗率和稳定入渗率与实测值较为接近,而Kostiakov和Philip模型的拟合值与实测值存在差距。本研究为进一步认识峰丛坡地土壤水分入渗机理及构建入渗模型提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The basic research on water and soil processes in the karst peaks hillsides is relatively short,which hinders the understanding of relevant soil hydrological mechanisms and the construction of suitable models.In order to determine the soil infiltration performance and the process of variation on the karst hillsides,and to evaluate the fitting of several common infiltration models on infiltration process,the soil infiltration process and performance under different land use patterns on the karst hillsides were explored by one-dimensional vertical infiltration experiment,and evaluated by different infiltration models such as Horton,Philip,Kostiakov and others.The results showed that:(1)the sand contents were more than 50%in shrub woodlands,thus exhibited higher soil permeability than the other land use patterns;while terraced fields had higher clay content and lower organic matter content,and soil permeability was poorer in these fields;(2)the early infiltration rates of different land uses were higher,and ranged between 1.33 cm/min and 3.17 cm/min,then the infiltration rate decreased by the range from 82.2%to 96.2%,and reached to the steady infiltration rate in about 20 min;in particular,the decline rate of pre-infiltration rate of shrub woodland was the most significant,while that of bare rock gravel and terrace was relatively slow;(3)the Horton model was more suitable for describing soil infiltration process in karst hillsides,and the simulated initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate were close to the measured values,while the values fitted by the Kostiakov and Philip models were not very close to the measured values.The research provides the theoretical basis for further study of soil moisture movement and establish the infiltration model in karst hillsides.更多还原