【摘要】 滨海养殖废水对河口及近海水质有影响,造成潜在水华和赤潮问题。利用具有生态化、高处理效果的人工湿地处理滨海养殖水。研究不同浓度盐胁迫下人工湿地对各污染物处理效果,确定最耐受盐胁迫浓度。利用污染物去除效率、微生物数量、微生物代谢功能及微生物群落对碳源利用的主成分分析阐述净化机理。研究表明:（1）人工湿地可有效处理滨海养殖水,当HRT=3 d时,人工湿地COD和NH₃-N去除效果佳,出水可达地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838—2002）Ⅲ类水标准。（2）在不同盐胁迫浓度条件下,人工湿地正常运行的最耐受盐胁迫浓度为1%,COD和NH₃-N去除效果改善明显（P<0.05）,分别为93.3%和77.12%。（3）人工湿地净化滨海养殖水的主要路径是硝化-反硝化作用,硝化/反硝化细菌在1%盐浓度胁迫下仍可正常发挥作用,盐度耐受力较好,且在盐度影响下微生物利用碳源类型趋于多样化。人工湿地可作为滨海养殖水的生态化处理技术,缓解滨海水域的潜在富营养化问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potential blooms and red tide in river and sea may be caused by coastal aquaculture wastewater inestuarine and coastal areas. In this study, a type of ecological and efficient constructed wetlands was launched to purify coastal aquaculture wastewater. Optimal salt tolerant content was confirmed at different salt concentration in influent by constructed wetland treatments. The mechanism was indicated by removal efficiency, microorganism quantity, microbial metabolism function and microbial community diversity. The results showed that: Coastal aquaculture wastewater was purified efficiently by constructed wetlands, and the quality of effluent reached class Ⅲ of surface water quality standard(GB 3838—2002); The optimal salt tolerant content was 1 % at the different initiating salinity in influent, and the improved performance of contaminants removal was obvious(P<0.05) with 93.3 % of organic matters removal and 77.12 % of ammonia removal in effluent. The main removal path of coastal aquaculture wastewater in constructed wetlands is nitrification-denitrification, and nitrification/denitrification bacteria can work normally under the stress of 1% salinity. The utilization of carbon source by microorganisms tended to diversify under the influence of salinity. As a result, constructed wetland can be used as a green option for coastal aquaculture wastewater to solve or relieve the potential eutrophication.更多还原